Egyptian-Chaldean culture

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Rudolf Steiner: The Egyptian Man, pastel 1914

The Egyptian-Chaldean culture (2907 - 747 BC), more extensively the Assyrian-Babylonian-Chaldean-Egyptian-Jewish culture, the Taurus Age, was the third post-Atlantean cultural epoch and served above all to train the sentient soul; it can therefore also be called the sentient soul culture. During this period, the first advanced civilisations flourished, such as the ancient Egyptian culture on the Nile, the Mesopotamian empires in the Fertile Crescent between the Euphrates and Tigris, the Chinese culture on the Yellow River, the Oasis culture on the Oxus in Central Asia and the Harappa culture on the Indus. From around 3000 BC, the Mayan culture flourished in Central America. The vernal equinox was then in the sign of Taurus.

Mysteries

Shortly before the beginning of the Egyptian-Chaldean period, according to Rudolf Steiner in 3101 BC[1], the Kali Yuga (Sanskrit: n., कलियुग "age of Kali") began, the dark age with which the last remnants of the old nature-given clairvoyance at the end of the ancient Persian period (5067 - 2907 B.C.) abruptly ceased for by far the greatest part of humanity. In order not to lose the connection with the spiritual world, a rich, multifaceted mystery system, appropriate to the various peoples, now unfolded.

The Northern Chaldean Mysteries and the Southern Egyptian Mysteries

„There we have a strange phenomenon in this Chaldean-Egyptian time. It is not for nothing that we call it by two names. For on the one hand, during this cultural epoch over in Asia, we have members of the northern current of peoples, that is the Chaldean element; and the Egyptian element belongs to the other current, the current of peoples that has moved along the southern path. There we have an epoch where two currents of peoples collide. And if you remember that the northern current preferably developed the outward gaze, the search for those beings who stood behind the carpet of the world of the senses, and that the Egyptian people sought those spirits which one finds on the way inwards, then you will understand how here two currents worked together. So the way out for the Chaldeans and the way in for the Egyptians collide. The Greeks also felt this in a quite correct way when they compared the Chaldean gods with their Apollonian kingdom. They sought in their own way in their Apollonian mysteries what they had received from the Chaldeans. But when they spoke of Osiris and of that which belonged to it, then they sought it in a corresponding way with themselves in their Dionysian mysteries.“ (Lit.:GA 113, p. 166f)

„Zarathustra did not see the physical sun first at all, but Zarathustra saw a great all-embracing world spirit at the place where we see the physical sun today through ordinary consciousness. And this world spirit exercised its influence on Zarathustra in a spiritual way. And Zarathustra knew how, with the radiance of the sun, with the rays of the sun on the earth, the divine-spiritual rays of grace come, which kindle in the soul, in the spirit of man, the higher man, to whom the ordinary man should rise. And since in those ancient times the initiates were not called by external names, but by those names which came to them through what they knew, this great initiate was called by his disciples and so he called himself: Zarathustra, Zoroaster, the shining star [...]

And then came a later time when one could no longer penetrate so deeply into the mysteries of the world. It was the time that I called the Chaldean-Egyptian culture of humanity in my "Secret Science". There, too, people looked up to the sun, but they no longer saw the sun as radiant, they saw what was merely luminous, merely shining. And Ra, whose earthly representative was Osiris, appeared as the sun actually moving around the earth and shining. Thus certain secrets had been lost in that one could no longer see the radiant world-god in complete inner clarity as an initiate of the old time, but that one could now only see that which comes from the sun more out of elemental forces, out of astral forces. Zarathustra still saw a being in the sun; at that time he could still see a being in the sun. The Egyptian, the Chaldean initiates, they saw in the sun only the forces that came from the sun to the earth as forces of light, as forces of movement. They saw only something lower than a spiritual being: they saw spiritual deeds, but not a spiritual being. And as the one who represents on earth what one carries in oneself as a human being from the forces of the sun, these old Egyptian initiates called Osiris.“ (Lit.:GA 211, p. 180f)

„In Chaldea, people lived more in an outward visuality. They invented tools like their wonderful water clocks, which came from the imagery of their soul. They lived so strongly in imagery that they saw time in changing images. There, imagery was more an external element in which man lived. With the Egyptians, imagery was something that was grasped in the innermost part of the human being, something that was grasped in such a way that it was even studied in his dream forms. In short, we see a period in which the human being no longer felt himself to be merely a member of the whole world, but in which the human being lifted himself out of the world, individuated himself, in two ways, the Chaldean and the Egyptian. And we see the change in the appearance of the pictorial conception of the instinctive imaginative, which confronts us in two ways: in one way over there in Chaldea, and then in another way over there in Egypt. And we see how in the beginning of the building of the pyramids, which in its measures and geometrical proportions is based on the perception of the measures in the development of man, on the development of the inner strength and on the feeling of this inner strength, we see how there arises a third cultural epoch, a cultural epoch in which instinctive imagining gives a special nuance to the development of mankind [...]

And because the human being is seized in his innermost being, because this instinctive seizure of the human being in relation to himself cannot occur in any other way than in the emotional, in the volitional, those impulses of power are generated in the human being which live themselves out in the grotesquely large pyramid buildings, which are places of the dead and which at the same time are supposed to be testimonies to the external power of those who rule. We see how the consciousness of power is emerging, but also how foreign peoples are now interfering from other regions, how they are bringing in other blood into what is living out there as imaginative, instinctive, even in the social conditions; we see how such peoples are coming more from the interior of Asia and mingling with the others. That which they bring in is connected with this feeling of being more than human, of feeling separate from the environment.

In the case of the Egyptian, this increased in a certain age in such a way that he regarded himself as a divine human being; he felt his self-awareness so strongly that he regarded all others as barbarians and only allowed those who could live in inner images to be considered human beings [...]

If we study the laws of Hammurabi [note: † 1750 B.C.], we find that he does not yet mention the horse among the tamed domestic animals. But it appeared in cultural life immediately afterwards. However, Hammurabi mentions donkeys and cattle, and a little after his time the horse is first called the "donkey of the hill country" in the documents. The horse is called the donkey of the hill country because it was brought over from the mountainous east. Peoples who pushed their way from Asia into the Chaldean region brought the horse with them, and with it the warlike element appeared. We first see this warlike element born in an older time; but we see it further developed when the horse was tamed in addition to the other animals. And this, too, is connected with the state of the soul of man at that time. We can say that man did not sit on the horse earlier and strengthen his individuality, as it were, by chaining an animal to himself in his own movement, than until he had awakened to this degree of self-consciousness, as it was expressed in the pictorial imagination of the Chaldeans, as it was inwardly expressed in the dreamlike life of the Egyptians. So intimately are the external conditions of the development of mankind connected with that which is the metamorphosis of the soul's constitution in the successive epochs, that one can say: on the one side the building of the pyramids and on the other the taming of the horse; they express, seen externally, the third cultural epoch, the Chaldaean-Egyptian, and internally this is connected with the emergence of instinctive imaginative experience.“ (Lit.:GA 325, p. 211ff)

Literature
References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
A complete list by Volume Number and a full list of known English translations you may also find at Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works
Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
Rudolf Steiner Audio - Recorded and Read by Dale Brunsvold
steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.

References

  1. ↑ According to H. P. Blavatsky and also according to Hindu tradition, the dark age began already on 18 February 3102 BC with the death of Krishna.
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