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== History and meaning ==
== History and meaning ==


In the Indus culture (ca. 2800-1800 BC), the swastika <span style="color:red">'''卐'''</span> angled to the right and usually coloured red, which corresponded to the god Ganesha as the male principle, symbolised sunrise, day, life and salvation. The swastika <span style="color:blue">'''卍'''</span> angled to the left and usually coloured blue, on the other hand, stood for sunset, night, death and disaster and was assigned to the goddess Kali<ref>Günter Lanczkowski: Artikel ''Kreuz I: Religionsgeschichtlich.'' In: ''Theologische Realenzyklopädie Band 19.'' Berlin / New York 1990, S. 712.</ref>. According to the Indian view, the swastika angled to the right rotates counterclockwise; the swastika angled to the left rotates clockwise.
In the [[w:Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus culture]] (ca. 2800-1800 BC), the swastika <span style="color:red">'''卐'''</span> angled to the right and usually coloured red, which corresponded to the god [[w:Ganesha|Ganesha]] as the male principle, symbolised sunrise, day, life and salvation. The swastika <span style="color:blue">'''卍'''</span> angled to the left and usually coloured blue, on the other hand, stood for sunset, night, death and disaster and was assigned to the goddess Kali<ref>Günter Lanczkowski: Artikel ''Kreuz I: Religionsgeschichtlich.'' In: ''Theologische Realenzyklopädie Band 19.'' Berlin / New York 1990, S. 712.</ref>. According to the Indian view, the swastika angled to the right rotates counterclockwise; the swastika angled to the left rotates clockwise.


In 1918, the Bolshevik regime in Russia put a reddish swastika angled to the right on the 10,000 rouble note. In 1920, at Adolf Hitler's insistence, the National Socialists made a swastika angled to the right and standing on its tip the party emblem of the NSDAP, and in 1935 it became the central motif of the flag of the German Reich in a white circle on a red background, thereby de facto reversing the spiritual value of this symbol into its opposite. As early as May 1919, Friedrich Kron, a member of the Teutonic Order and the Thule Society, had proposed to the then newly founded German Workers' Party (DAP) a black swastika angled to the left as a party symbol, which according to Buddhist interpretation and also among the Theosophists was a symbol of good luck and health; the swastika angled to the right, on the other hand, he saw as a sign of doom and death. At Hitler's wish, Kron changed his design.<ref>Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: ''The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Influence on Nazi Ideology'', New York University Press 1992, [https://books.google.de/books?id=9ZzWRz9x8mwC&pg=PA151 p. 152]</ref>  
In 1918, the [[w:Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] regime in [[w:Russia|Russia]] put a reddish swastika angled to the right on the 10,000 [[w:Ruble|rouble]] note. In 1920, at [[w:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]]'s insistence, the [[w:Nazism|National Socialists]] made a swastika angled to the right and standing on its tip the party emblem of the [[w:Nazi Party|NSDAP]], and in 1935 it became the central motif of the flag of the German Reich in a white circle on a red background, thereby de facto reversing the spiritual value of this symbol into its opposite. As early as May 1919, ''Friedrich Kron'', a member of the [[w:Teutonic Order|Teutonic Order]] and the [[w:Thule Society|Thule Society]], had proposed to the then newly founded [[w:German Workers' Party|German Workers' Party]] (DAP) a black swastika angled to the left as a party symbol, which according to [[Buddhist]] interpretation and also among the [[Theosophist]]s was a symbol of good luck and health; the swastika angled to the right, on the other hand, he saw as a sign of doom and death. At Hitler's wish, Kron changed his design.<ref>[[w:Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke|Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke]]: ''The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Influence on Nazi Ideology'', New York University Press 1992, [https://books.google.de/books?id=9ZzWRz9x8mwC&pg=PA151 p. 152]</ref>  


[[Rudolf Steiner]] had pointed out the dangers symptomatically revealed by the misuse of this ancient sacred symbol early on (1920).
[[Rudolf Steiner]] had pointed out the dangers symptomatically revealed by the misuse of this ancient sacred symbol early on (1920).

Revision as of 08:07, 31 May 2021

Indian sauwastika with arms bent to the left.
Minoan vase from Crete with swastika angled to the left, Heraklion Archaeological Museum
Greek silver Stater from Corinth (c. 550 - 500 BC) with swastika angled to the left
Sun cross at the foot of the baptismal font of the parish church of Labach
Thunderbirds in swastika form (Mississippi culture)

The swastika (Sanskrit: m. स्वस्तिक "happiness, salvation"; actually "to be good", from su- "good" and asti, the noun of as- "to be", usually translated as: "All is well"), a cross with arms bent to the right 卐 or the sauwastika with arms bent to the left 卍, which can also be pointed, flat-angled or rounded and decorated with circles, lines, dots or ornaments, is a symbol of (good) luck that has been demonstrably widespread for at least 6000 years in Europe, Asia and, less frequently, in Africa, Central America and Polynesia[1].

History and meaning

In the Indus culture (ca. 2800-1800 BC), the swastika 卐 angled to the right and usually coloured red, which corresponded to the god Ganesha as the male principle, symbolised sunrise, day, life and salvation. The swastika 卍 angled to the left and usually coloured blue, on the other hand, stood for sunset, night, death and disaster and was assigned to the goddess Kali[2]. According to the Indian view, the swastika angled to the right rotates counterclockwise; the swastika angled to the left rotates clockwise.

In 1918, the Bolshevik regime in Russia put a reddish swastika angled to the right on the 10,000 rouble note. In 1920, at Adolf Hitler's insistence, the National Socialists made a swastika angled to the right and standing on its tip the party emblem of the NSDAP, and in 1935 it became the central motif of the flag of the German Reich in a white circle on a red background, thereby de facto reversing the spiritual value of this symbol into its opposite. As early as May 1919, Friedrich Kron, a member of the Teutonic Order and the Thule Society, had proposed to the then newly founded German Workers' Party (DAP) a black swastika angled to the left as a party symbol, which according to Buddhist interpretation and also among the Theosophists was a symbol of good luck and health; the swastika angled to the right, on the other hand, he saw as a sign of doom and death. At Hitler's wish, Kron changed his design.[3]

Rudolf Steiner had pointed out the dangers symptomatically revealed by the misuse of this ancient sacred symbol early on (1920).

„It was perhaps exaggerated when I said in a recent lecture: 'The people of Europe are asleep. They will bitterly experience - I said it from another context - they will have to bitterly experience how that which, as the outermost offshoot of the Western European worldview, is spreading in Bolshevism over the whole of Asia, is something which will be received by Asia, by these people of Asia, with the same fervour with which they once received their holy Brahman. - For it will, and modern civilisation will have to acquaint itself with it. And one feels the deepest pain when one sees the sleeping souls in Europe who do not come to really call before their souls this seriousness which is at issue today. A few days after I had written this, I found the following news: "A few days ago I had the opportunity to see a 10,000 rouble note at a representative of the Soviet republic. What astonished me was not the height of the rouble note; - what struck me about that 10,000 rouble note was rather a swastika, Svastika, finely and clearly worked out in the middle of the paper." That sign to which the Indian or the ancient Egyptian once looked when he spoke of his sacred Brahman, he sees it today on the ten thousand rouble note! One knows, where great politics are made, how one affects human souls. One knows what the triumphant march of the swastika, Svastika, which a large number of people in Central Europe already wear - again from other backgrounds - one knows what this means, but one does not want to listen to that which wants to interpret the secrets of today's historical becoming out of the most important symptoms.“ (Lit.:GA 199, p. 160f)

„Once, I said, it was so in Asia that a man felt his heart open, his soul warmly penetrated, when, guided by the thought of the holy Brahman, he directed his gaze to the great outer sign, to the swastika, to the swastika. Then the inner soul opened up to him. This inner mood of the soul was something for him. Today, when an Oriental receives the Russian two-thousand-ruble note - which doesn't mean much today, because people no longer pay by shekels, but by thousand-ruble notes - when someone receives an ordinary two-thousand-ruble note, he receives on this two-thousand-ruble note the beautifully executed swastika, the swastika. Of course, those thousand-year-old sensations are active which once inwardly beheld the holy Brahman when the gaze was directed towards the swastika. Today the same qualities of feeling are directed towards the two-thousand-ruble note.“ (Lit.:GA 199, p. 246f)

The swastika as a symbol for the revolving chakras

According to Rudolf Steiner, the swastika is in fact a symbol for the revolving chakras and in particular for the 4-petalled root chakra, in which the Kundalini serpent, which as Shakti stands for the feminine primordial force of the universe, sleeps unconscious, coiled up in three and a half coils. Once awakened, it can become the highest power of love or pure desire heightened to the highest degree. In ancient dream-conscious clairvoyance, the chakras rotated counterclockwise, that is, to the left. To try to reawaken this atavistic clairvoyance today would contradict the spiritual needs of our present consciousness-soul age. If the lotuses are reawakened with full self-awareness through modern spiritual training, the chakras rotate clockwise.

See also

Literature
References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
A complete list by Volume Number and a full list of known English translations you may also find at Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works
Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
Rudolf Steiner Audio - Recorded and Read by Dale Brunsvold
steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.

References

  1. ↑ Christian Zentner, Friedemann Bedürftig: Das Große Lexikon des Dritten Reiches, Südwest-Verlag, München 1985, S. 234.
  2. ↑ Günter Lanczkowski: Artikel Kreuz I: Religionsgeschichtlich. In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie Band 19. Berlin / New York 1990, S. 712.
  3. ↑ Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke: The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Influence on Nazi Ideology, New York University Press 1992, p. 152
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