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The origin of the word Grail is not entirely clear: the most probable derivation is from [[w:Occitan language|Occitan]] ''grazal'', [[w:Old French|Old French]] ''graal'' "vessel, bowl", which probably goes back etymologically to {{Greek|κρατήρ}} ''krater'' "mixing vessel" (via {{Latin}} ''cratalis/gradalis''). In [[w:Old Spanish|Old Spanish]], ''grial'' is a common term for a mortar or a mortar-shaped drinking vessel, as is ''gral'' [[w:Galician-Portuguese|in Old Portuguese]].  
The origin of the word Grail is not entirely clear: the most probable derivation is from [[w:Occitan language|Occitan]] ''grazal'', [[w:Old French|Old French]] ''graal'' "vessel, bowl", which probably goes back etymologically to {{Greek|κρατήρ}} ''krater'' "mixing vessel" (via {{Latin}} ''cratalis/gradalis''). In [[w:Old Spanish|Old Spanish]], ''grial'' is a common term for a mortar or a mortar-shaped drinking vessel, as is ''gral'' [[w:Galician-Portuguese|in Old Portuguese]].  
== The spiritual background of the Grail legend ==
=== Introduction ===
Seventh apocalyptic seal: the New Jerusalem.
{{GZ|That was the one: Arthur. The other is: the castle of the Holy Grail [...] It is said that the Holy Grail is the bowl in which the Christ Jesus once took communion, the wine, with his disciples and with which his blood was later taken. Then the lance with which Jesus' side was pierced was also brought to Europe. The Grail bowl is located on Montsalvatsch, where a holy castle was built. The Holy Grail has the ability to grant eternal youth, the power of eternal life in general, to those who are familiar with its miracles, who live with its sun of grace.
Again, there are twelve, but now Christian, spiritual knights. The ancient Knights Templar guarded the Holy Grail, and the powers they drew from this guard they used to pour over Europe the spiritual chivalry of the heart, of the inner life. Thus, the white lodge of secular chivalry, which was moved to Wales, was opposed by spiritual chivalry in the castle of the Holy Grail, situated on the Spanish mountain of Montsalvatsch.
What was the task of the knights who were in the castle of the Holy Grail? The task of the Knights of the Holy Grail was not to conquer, not to gain external possessions, not to appropriate lands; their task was to conquer the life of the soul. If we are told of the hoard of the Nibelungs, of gold as the symbol of possession, as the goal of the Nibelungs' striving, then the Holy Grail is the spiritualised hoard of the Nibelungs, the treasure of the soul. What is the power that emanates from the Holy Grail in reality? What do those twelve knights work who are united in its castle? As is often emphasised in the theosophical world view, a spark of the divine lives in every human being [...] To develop this divine spark more and more, in order to bring the human being up into the higher worlds, that is what was striven for in the initiation of ancient paganism. This is now striven for in a new way within the Christian world [...].
Christianity was supposed to bring an initiation that took place only in the deepest interior, in the veiled sanctuary of the soul. There the God was to be sought, the God who had brought salvation to Christendom through the shedding of his blood; this God was to be found by each individual man in his own soul [...] The Holy Grail was nothing other than the deepest interior of human nature, and it was a unitary thing, because the inner human nature is a unitary one, because a life spent in the pursuit of wisdom awakens the hope that one might understand what is meant by the great unity, by the great divine spark.
They were there as the brothers of the Holy Grail. Parzival wanted to find the way to the Holy Grail. Now the legend tells us that when he went to the Holy Grail, he found the then King Amfortas bleeding. He had been told not to ask much and nothing wrong. So he did not ask about the king's wounds and did not ask about the meaning of the Grail. That is why he is cast out. He should ask about the properties of the Holy Grail and the wounds of the King. That is one of the experiences to be had in the divine life, that one must ask about it. He must have the longing for it. It is there, the Holy Grail; it can be found, it will be given to everyone, but it does not impose itself. It does not come to us, we must feel in the soul the urge for this Holy Grail, the inner sanctuary, the divine spark of life in the human soul. We must have the urge to ask for it. When the human soul has found its way up to God, then the God descends to it. That is the secret of the Grail itself, the descent of the God who descends when man evolves up to the Divine. This is depicted as it is attached to the baptism of Jesus by John: a dove descended and settled on the head, and a voice from heaven said, "This is my much beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." The Holy Grail is symbolised in the form of a dove.
On his first visit to the Grail Castle, Parzival was not yet mature enough to go through what we have just described. When he felt pushed out, something came into his soul that must come into every soul at some time or other if it is to become truly mature for the last stages of knowledge. Doubt, unbelief and inner spiritual darkness enter the soul of Parzival. Certainly, he who wants to ascend to knowledge must once go through the hard school of doubt. Only when one has doubted and gone through the torments and all that can be brought about by doubts, only when one has gone through it, has one gained that certainty within oneself that knowledge will never again be lost to one. It is an evil brother, doubt, but a purifying, a purifying brother. Parzival is now going through this doubt, and he struggles through to a realisation that consists of something other than what is usually called understanding or reason. To a knowledge that Richard Wagner expressed with grandiose accuracy, perhaps not quite philosophically or psychologically correct, but in spirit, calling Parzival the "pure fool" who becomes knowledgeable through compassion.|54|438ff}}


== Literature ==
== Literature ==

Revision as of 08:57, 7 August 2021

Galahad, Bors and Parzival receive the Grail. Tapestry by William Morris (19th century)

The legend of the Holy Grail appears in many forms in the late 12th century in medieval narrative literature surrounding the Arthurian legend. Its spiritual background is the Grail-imagination described by Rudolf Steiner, which is revealed through the spiritual retrospection of the etheric body of the human being. In a conversation with Johanna Countess Keyserlingk that has come down to us, Steiner also shows the connection between the Grail Castle and the New Jerusalem described as a vision of the future in the Apocalypse of John: The Grail Castle really exists in the ethereal world. The New Jerusalem is the archetype of how it will be in the future.[1]

The origin of the word Grail is not entirely clear: the most probable derivation is from Occitan grazal, Old French graal "vessel, bowl", which probably goes back etymologically to Greek: κρατήρ krater "mixing vessel" (via Latin cratalis/gradalis). In Old Spanish, grial is a common term for a mortar or a mortar-shaped drinking vessel, as is gral in Old Portuguese.

The spiritual background of the Grail legend

Introduction

Seventh apocalyptic seal: the New Jerusalem.

„That was the one: Arthur. The other is: the castle of the Holy Grail [...] It is said that the Holy Grail is the bowl in which the Christ Jesus once took communion, the wine, with his disciples and with which his blood was later taken. Then the lance with which Jesus' side was pierced was also brought to Europe. The Grail bowl is located on Montsalvatsch, where a holy castle was built. The Holy Grail has the ability to grant eternal youth, the power of eternal life in general, to those who are familiar with its miracles, who live with its sun of grace.

Again, there are twelve, but now Christian, spiritual knights. The ancient Knights Templar guarded the Holy Grail, and the powers they drew from this guard they used to pour over Europe the spiritual chivalry of the heart, of the inner life. Thus, the white lodge of secular chivalry, which was moved to Wales, was opposed by spiritual chivalry in the castle of the Holy Grail, situated on the Spanish mountain of Montsalvatsch.

What was the task of the knights who were in the castle of the Holy Grail? The task of the Knights of the Holy Grail was not to conquer, not to gain external possessions, not to appropriate lands; their task was to conquer the life of the soul. If we are told of the hoard of the Nibelungs, of gold as the symbol of possession, as the goal of the Nibelungs' striving, then the Holy Grail is the spiritualised hoard of the Nibelungs, the treasure of the soul. What is the power that emanates from the Holy Grail in reality? What do those twelve knights work who are united in its castle? As is often emphasised in the theosophical world view, a spark of the divine lives in every human being [...] To develop this divine spark more and more, in order to bring the human being up into the higher worlds, that is what was striven for in the initiation of ancient paganism. This is now striven for in a new way within the Christian world [...].

Christianity was supposed to bring an initiation that took place only in the deepest interior, in the veiled sanctuary of the soul. There the God was to be sought, the God who had brought salvation to Christendom through the shedding of his blood; this God was to be found by each individual man in his own soul [...] The Holy Grail was nothing other than the deepest interior of human nature, and it was a unitary thing, because the inner human nature is a unitary one, because a life spent in the pursuit of wisdom awakens the hope that one might understand what is meant by the great unity, by the great divine spark.

They were there as the brothers of the Holy Grail. Parzival wanted to find the way to the Holy Grail. Now the legend tells us that when he went to the Holy Grail, he found the then King Amfortas bleeding. He had been told not to ask much and nothing wrong. So he did not ask about the king's wounds and did not ask about the meaning of the Grail. That is why he is cast out. He should ask about the properties of the Holy Grail and the wounds of the King. That is one of the experiences to be had in the divine life, that one must ask about it. He must have the longing for it. It is there, the Holy Grail; it can be found, it will be given to everyone, but it does not impose itself. It does not come to us, we must feel in the soul the urge for this Holy Grail, the inner sanctuary, the divine spark of life in the human soul. We must have the urge to ask for it. When the human soul has found its way up to God, then the God descends to it. That is the secret of the Grail itself, the descent of the God who descends when man evolves up to the Divine. This is depicted as it is attached to the baptism of Jesus by John: a dove descended and settled on the head, and a voice from heaven said, "This is my much beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." The Holy Grail is symbolised in the form of a dove.

On his first visit to the Grail Castle, Parzival was not yet mature enough to go through what we have just described. When he felt pushed out, something came into his soul that must come into every soul at some time or other if it is to become truly mature for the last stages of knowledge. Doubt, unbelief and inner spiritual darkness enter the soul of Parzival. Certainly, he who wants to ascend to knowledge must once go through the hard school of doubt. Only when one has doubted and gone through the torments and all that can be brought about by doubts, only when one has gone through it, has one gained that certainty within oneself that knowledge will never again be lost to one. It is an evil brother, doubt, but a purifying, a purifying brother. Parzival is now going through this doubt, and he struggles through to a realisation that consists of something other than what is usually called understanding or reason. To a knowledge that Richard Wagner expressed with grandiose accuracy, perhaps not quite philosophically or psychologically correct, but in spirit, calling Parzival the "pure fool" who becomes knowledgeable through compassion.“ (Lit.:GA 54, p. 438ff)

Literature
References to the work of Rudolf Steiner follow Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works (CW or GA), Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach/Switzerland, unless otherwise stated.
Email: verlag@steinerverlag.com URL: www.steinerverlag.com.
Index to the Complete Works of Rudolf Steiner - Aelzina Books
A complete list by Volume Number and a full list of known English translations you may also find at Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works
Rudolf Steiner Archive - The largest online collection of Rudolf Steiner's books, lectures and articles in English.
Rudolf Steiner Audio - Recorded and Read by Dale Brunsvold
steinerbooks.org - Anthroposophic Press Inc. (USA)
Rudolf Steiner Handbook - Christian Karl's proven standard work for orientation in Rudolf Steiner's Collected Works for free download as PDF.

References

  1. ↑ Koberwitz 1924. Geburtsstunde einer neuen Landwirtschaft, edited by Adalbert Count Keyserlingk, Verlag Hilfswerk Elisabeth, Stuttgart 1974, p. 82
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