Underworld - Revision history

Odyssee at 13:15, 24 April 2022

2022-04-24T13:15:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:15, 24 April 2022
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	The '''underworld''' is generally defined as a part of the world "below" in the prevailing world view. Depending on the culture, the underworld has different aspects, but usually there is a ruler from a chthonic deity who presides over it. The underworld is often identified with the [[interior of the earth]], as [[Dante Alighieri]] described it in his "[[Divine Comedy]]".		The '''underworld''' is generally defined as a part of the world "below" in the prevailing world view. Depending on the culture, the underworld has different aspects, but usually there is a ruler from a chthonic deity who presides over it. The underworld is often identified with the [[interior of the earth]], as [[Dante Alighieri]] described it in his "[[Divine Comedy]]".

	Mythologies of all cultures describe this world realm that lies outside the mortal world. This is where the dead or their souls are believed to be, which is why people often speak of the realm of the dead or the world of the dead. The term largely coincides with that of [[hell]], whose name is derived from the underworld goddess Hel from [[w:Germanic mythology\|Germanic mythology]]. The ancient Greeks called the underworld [[Hades]] ({{Greek\|Ἅιδης}}) after its ruler. Among the Hebrews the underworld is called [[Sheol]] ({{HeS\|שאול}}) and in [[Islam]] [[Jahannam]] ({{arS\|جهنم&lrm;\|d=ǧahannam}}). In [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Sikhism]], the corresponding Sanskrit word is [[Naraka]] ({{Sanskrit\|नरक}}) or [[Narakaloka]]. The lord of the underworld here is the god of the dead, [[Yama]], which is why the term [[Yama loka]] is often used as an equivalent to Naraka.		Mythologies of all cultures describe this world realm that lies outside the mortal world. This is where the dead or their souls are believed to be, which is why people often speak of the realm of the dead or the world of the dead. The term largely coincides with that of '''hell''', whose name is derived from the underworld goddess Hel from [[w:Germanic mythology\|Germanic mythology]]. The ancient Greeks called the underworld [[Hades]] ({{Greek\|Ἅιδης}}) after its ruler. Among the Hebrews the underworld is called [[Sheol]] ({{HeS\|שאול}}) and in [[Islam]] [[Jahannam]] ({{arS\|جهنم&lrm;\|d=ǧahannam}}). In [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Sikhism]], the corresponding Sanskrit word is [[Naraka]] ({{Sanskrit\|नरक}}) or [[Narakaloka]]. The lord of the underworld here is the god of the dead, [[Yama]], which is why the term [[Yama loka]] is often used as an equivalent to Naraka.

	== The Realm of the Chthonic Gods ==		== The Realm of the Chthonic Gods ==

Odyssee: /* The Realm of the Chthonic Gods */

2022-04-24T13:12:34Z

The Realm of the Chthonic Gods

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	== The Realm of the Chthonic Gods ==		== The Realm of the Chthonic Gods ==

	Those who entered the underworld through initiation into the chthonic mysteries were led into the realm of the [[chthonic god]]s. These included [[Demeter]], [[Hecate]], [[Dionysus]] and, of course, especially [[Hades}}. The [[initiate]] thereby became acquainted with the forces of the [[cosmos]] that work through the [[earth]]:		Those who entered the underworld through initiation into the chthonic mysteries were led into the realm of the [[chthonic god]]s. These included [[Demeter]], [[Hecate]], [[Dionysus]] and, of course, especially [[Hades]]. The [[initiate]] thereby became acquainted with the forces of the [[cosmos]] that work through the [[earth]]:

	{{GZ\|For in Greek myth you are always told of a certain kind of initiation: The person concerned descended into the underworld. - Of certain Greek heroes you can always know that he experiences initiation when it is said of him that he descended into the underworld. That is to say, he has come to know those forces of the cosmos which work through the earth, he has come to know the chthonic forces.\|214\|186f}}		{{GZ\|For in Greek myth you are always told of a certain kind of initiation: The person concerned descended into the underworld. - Of certain Greek heroes you can always know that he experiences initiation when it is said of him that he descended into the underworld. That is to say, he has come to know those forces of the cosmos which work through the earth, he has come to know the chthonic forces.\|214\|186f}}
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	In some cultures, the underworld is a barren and dark, yet morally unvalued place to stay, while in others it is a hell full of horror and torment and the abode of evil.		In some cultures, the underworld is a barren and dark, yet morally unvalued place to stay, while in others it is a hell full of horror and torment and the abode of evil.

	According to the [[w:Hollow Earth\|Hollow Earth]] theory, the underworld is not a metaphysical speculation, but simply the interior of the earth. It is populated by an intelligent race and all kinds of animals and is illuminated by a central sun.		According to the [[w:Hollow Earth\|Hollow Earth]] theory, the underworld is not a metaphysical speculation, but simply the interior of the earth. It is populated by an intelligent race and all kinds of animals and is illuminated by a central sun.

	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

Odyssee at 07:41, 26 September 2021

2021-09-26T07:41:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:41, 26 September 2021
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	Mythologies of all cultures describe this world realm that lies outside the mortal world. This is where the dead or their souls are believed to be, which is why people often speak of the realm of the dead or the world of the dead. The term largely coincides with that of [[hell]], whose name is derived from the underworld goddess Hel from [[w:Germanic mythology\|Germanic mythology]]. The ancient Greeks called the underworld [[Hades]] ({{Greek\|Ἅιδης}}) after its ruler. Among the Hebrews the underworld is called [[Sheol]] ({{HeS\|שאול}}) and in [[Islam]] [[Jahannam]] ({{arS\|جهنم&lrm;\|d=ǧahannam}}). In [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Sikhism]], the corresponding Sanskrit word is [[Naraka]] ({{Sanskrit\|नरक}}) or [[Narakaloka]]. The lord of the underworld here is the god of the dead, [[Yama]], which is why the term [[Yama loka]] is often used as an equivalent to Naraka.		Mythologies of all cultures describe this world realm that lies outside the mortal world. This is where the dead or their souls are believed to be, which is why people often speak of the realm of the dead or the world of the dead. The term largely coincides with that of [[hell]], whose name is derived from the underworld goddess Hel from [[w:Germanic mythology\|Germanic mythology]]. The ancient Greeks called the underworld [[Hades]] ({{Greek\|Ἅιδης}}) after its ruler. Among the Hebrews the underworld is called [[Sheol]] ({{HeS\|שאול}}) and in [[Islam]] [[Jahannam]] ({{arS\|جهنم&lrm;\|d=ǧahannam}}). In [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Sikhism]], the corresponding Sanskrit word is [[Naraka]] ({{Sanskrit\|नरक}}) or [[Narakaloka]]. The lord of the underworld here is the god of the dead, [[Yama]], which is why the term [[Yama loka]] is often used as an equivalent to Naraka.

			== The Realm of the Chthonic Gods ==

			Those who entered the underworld through initiation into the chthonic mysteries were led into the realm of the [[chthonic god]]s. These included [[Demeter]], [[Hecate]], [[Dionysus]] and, of course, especially [[Hades}}. The [[initiate]] thereby became acquainted with the forces of the [[cosmos]] that work through the [[earth]]:

			{{GZ\|For in Greek myth you are always told of a certain kind of initiation: The person concerned descended into the underworld. - Of certain Greek heroes you can always know that he experiences initiation when it is said of him that he descended into the underworld. That is to say, he has come to know those forces of the cosmos which work through the earth, he has come to know the chthonic forces.\|214\|186f}}

			The underworld is the sinister, dark abode of the death and underworld deities. This is where the deceased, usually guided by soul guides or ferges, reach via the boundary waters. In the west, beyond the ocean, where the sun sets, is believed to be the entrance to the underworld. Guarded by demonic beings, entry is only allowed to the dead and forbidden to the living.

			In some cultures, the underworld is a barren and dark, yet morally unvalued place to stay, while in others it is a hell full of horror and torment and the abode of evil.

			According to the [[w:Hollow Earth\|Hollow Earth]] theory, the underworld is not a metaphysical speculation, but simply the interior of the earth. It is populated by an intelligent race and all kinds of animals and is illuminated by a central sun.

	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

Odyssee: Created page with "[[w:Frans Francken the Younger|: ''Aeneas in the Underworl..."

2021-09-26T07:24:24Z

Created page with "thumb|300px|[[w:Frans Francken the Younger|: ''Aeneas in the Underworl..."

New page

[[File:Frans Francken d. J. - Aeneas in der Unterwelt - 1879 - Bavarian State Painting Collections.jpg|thumb|300px|[[w:Frans Francken the Younger|Frans Francken the Younger]]: ''Aeneas in the Underworld'' (c. 1600)]]

The '''underworld''' is generally defined as a part of the world "below" in the prevailing world view. Depending on the culture, the underworld has different aspects, but usually there is a ruler from a chthonic deity who presides over it. The underworld is often identified with the [[interior of the earth]], as [[Dante Alighieri]] described it in his "[[Divine Comedy]]".

Mythologies of all cultures describe this world realm that lies outside the mortal world. This is where the dead or their souls are believed to be, which is why people often speak of the realm of the dead or the world of the dead. The term largely coincides with that of [[hell]], whose name is derived from the underworld goddess Hel from [[w:Germanic mythology|Germanic mythology]]. The ancient Greeks called the underworld [[Hades]] ({{Greek|Ἅιδης}}) after its ruler. Among the Hebrews the underworld is called [[Sheol]] ({{HeS|שאול}}) and in [[Islam]] [[Jahannam]] ({{arS|جهنم&lrm;|d=ǧahannam}}). In [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Sikhism]], the corresponding Sanskrit word is [[Naraka]] ({{Sanskrit|नरक}}) or [[Narakaloka]]. The lord of the underworld here is the god of the dead, [[Yama]], which is why the term [[Yama loka]] is often used as an equivalent to Naraka.

== Literature ==

* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Über die astrale Welt und das Devachan'', [[GA 88]] (1999), ISBN 3-7274-0880-4 {{Lectures|088}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Geisteswissenschaftliche Menschenkunde'', [[GA 107]] (1988), ISBN 3-7274-1070-1 {{Lectures|107}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Das Prinzip der spirituellen Ökonomie im Zusammenhang mit Wiederverkörperungsfragen'', [[GA 109]] (2000), ISBN 3-7274-1090-6 {{Lectures|109}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Menschenwerden, Weltenseele und Weltengeist – Erster Teil'', [[GA 205]] (1987), ISBN 3-7274-2050-2 {{Lectures|205}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Das Geheimnis der Trinität'', [[GA 214]] (1999), ISBN 3-7274-2140-1 {{Lectures|214}}

{{GA}}

[[Category:Hell]]
[[de:Unterwelt]]