Odyssee at 06:40, 14 May 2021

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	'''Realism''' (from the {{Latin\|''res''}} "thing, object'') is one of the 12 basic [[worldview]]s spoken of by [[Rudolf Steiner]] and represents the [[Epistemology\|epistemological]] position that there is a [[reality]] that exists independently and outside of human [[consciousness]]. In direct contrast to this is the epistemological position of [[idealism]]. In the [[zodiac]], according to Rudolf Steiner, realism corresponds to the constellation [[w:Libra (constellation)\|Libra]] - the only sign of the zodiac that is a purely mechanical instrument.		'''Realism''' (from the {{Latin\|''res''}} "thing, object") is one of the 12 basic [[worldview]]s spoken of by [[Rudolf Steiner]] and represents the [[Epistemology\|epistemological]] position that there is a [[reality]] that exists independently and outside of human [[consciousness]]. In direct contrast to this is the epistemological position of [[idealism]]. In the [[zodiac]], according to Rudolf Steiner, realism corresponds to the constellation [[w:Libra (constellation)\|Libra]] - the only sign of the zodiac that is a purely mechanical instrument.

	{{GZ\|There can be people who say: Yes, whether there is only matter or only spirit in the world of truth, I cannot know anything special about that; the human faculty of knowledge cannot relate to that at all. The only thing that is clear is that there is a world around us that is expanding. Whether it is based on what the chemists, the physicists, when they become materialists, call the atoms of matter, I do not know. But I recognise the world that is spread out around me; I see it, I can think about it. Whether there is still a spirit underlying it or not, I have no particular reason to assume anything about it. I stick to what is spread out around me. - Such people can be called realists, with a slightly different meaning of the word than I used before, and their world view can be called realism.\|151\|36}}		{{GZ\|There can be people who say: Yes, whether there is only matter or only spirit in the world of truth, I cannot know anything special about that; the human faculty of knowledge cannot relate to that at all. The only thing that is clear is that there is a world around us that is expanding. Whether it is based on what the chemists, the physicists, when they become materialists, call the atoms of matter, I do not know. But I recognise the world that is spread out around me; I see it, I can think about it. Whether there is still a spirit underlying it or not, I have no particular reason to assume anything about it. I stick to what is spread out around me. - Such people can be called realists, with a slightly different meaning of the word than I used before, and their world view can be called realism.\|151\|36}}

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2021-05-14T06:38:56Z

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'''Realism''' (from the {{Latin|''res''}} "thing, object'') is one of the 12 basic [[worldview]]s spoken of by [[Rudolf Steiner]] and represents the [[Epistemology|epistemological]] position that there is a [[reality]] that exists independently and outside of human [[consciousness]]. In direct contrast to this is the epistemological position of [[idealism]]. In the [[zodiac]], according to Rudolf Steiner, realism corresponds to the constellation [[w:Libra (constellation)|Libra]] - the only sign of the zodiac that is a purely mechanical instrument.

{{GZ|There can be people who say: Yes, whether there is only matter or only spirit in the world of truth, I cannot know anything special about that; the human faculty of knowledge cannot relate to that at all. The only thing that is clear is that there is a world around us that is expanding. Whether it is based on what the chemists, the physicists, when they become materialists, call the atoms of matter, I do not know. But I recognise the world that is spread out around me; I see it, I can think about it. Whether there is still a spirit underlying it or not, I have no particular reason to assume anything about it. I stick to what is spread out around me. - Such people can be called realists, with a slightly different meaning of the word than I used before, and their world view can be called realism.|151|36}}

== Scientific realism ==

'''Scientific realism''' also assumes that there is a reality that exists independently of human [[thought]] and that the confirmation of a scientific theory allows the reasonable assumption that this reality also exists objectively in the form described by the theory.

An opposing position to this is [[instrumentalism]], which sees in scientific theories only tools that represent reality as a [[model]] in order to be able to deal with it [[Rationalism|rationally]].

== Universals realism ==

In philosophy, realism as '''universals realism''' was also one of the positions advocated in the medieval universals controversy, which culminated in [[scholasticism]]. The realists, such as [[Thomas Aquinas]], assumed that general [[concept]]s or [[universals]] were based on a concrete objective spiritual reality. [[w:Plato|Plato]] had already taken this standpoint in his theory of [[idea]]s. Thomas distinguished between

* Universals, which are formed in divine reason and exist before individual things ([[universalia ante rem]]),
* universals that exist as generalities in the individual things themselves ([[universalia in re]]),
* universals that exist as concepts in the mind of man, that is, after things ([[universalia post rem]]).

The opposite position was held by the [[nominalist]]s, according to whom the universal concepts are only subjective [[mental]] constructs of [[man]].

== Literatur ==
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Der menschliche und der kosmische Gedanke'', [[GA 151]] (1990), ISBN 3-7274-1510-X {{Lectures|151}}

{{GA}}

[[Category:Worldview]]
[[Category:Realism]]
[[de:Realismus]]

Realism - Revision history

Odyssee at 06:40, 14 May 2021

Odyssee: Created page with "'''Realism''' (from the {{Latin|''res''}} "thing, object'') is one of the 12 basic worldviews spoken of by Rudolf Steiner and represents the Epistemology|epistemolog..."