Perception - Revision history

Odyssee at 11:48, 12 May 2021

2021-05-12T11:48:06Z

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	'''Perception''' (from {{Latin\|percipere}} "to perceive, grasp, apprehend"; {{Greek\|αἴσθησις}} ''aísthēsis''; {{German\|[[a:Wahrnehmung\|Wahrnehmung]]}}) is the term [[Rudolf Steiner]] specifically uses in his [[Philosophy of Freedom]] to describe the ''objects of sensation'' as they are given to [[man]] through direct [[observation]]. According to common usage, however, the ''activity of perception'' itself is also called perception. Together, both the activity of perception and the thereby phenomenally experienced content of consciousness, the so-called '''percept''', are also called perception. The perception of the outside world, for example through the [[sense of sight]] or the [[sense of hearing]], is also called '''exteroception''' (from the {{Latin\|exter}} "outside" and ''recipere'' "to receive") and is distinguished from '''interoception''' (from the {{Latin\|inter}} "in the middle, between"), which is directed at the inside of the body and includes [[proprioception]], i.e. the perception of one's own body position and movement, and [[visceroception]], the perception of internal organ activity.		'''Perception''' (from {{Latin\|percipere}} "to perceive, grasp, apprehend"; {{Greek\|αἴσθησις}} ''aísthēsis''; {{German\|[[a:Wahrnehmung\|Wahrnehmung]]}}) is the term [[Rudolf Steiner]] specifically uses in his [[Philosophy of Freedom]] to describe the ''objects of sensation'' as they are given to [[man]] through direct [[observation]]. According to common usage, however, the ''activity of perception'' itself is also called perception. Together, both the activity of perception and the thereby phenomenally experienced content of consciousness, the so-called '''percept''', are also called perception. The perception of the outside world, for example through the [[sense of sight]] or the [[sense of hearing]], is also called '''exteroception''' (from the {{Latin\|exter}} "outside" and ''recipere'' "to receive") and is distinguished from '''interoception''' (from the {{Latin\|inter}} "in the middle, between"), which is directed at the inside of the body and includes [[proprioception]], i.e. the perception of one's own body position and movement, and [[visceroception]], the perception of internal organ activity.

	Perceptions are not limited to the [[~~sensory~~ world]] alone, but one can also speak of mental and spiritual perceptions in the same sense, e.g. when we perceive our own [[feeling]]s or [[thought]]s. [[Sensory perception]] is only a special case of perception in general.		Perceptions are not limited to the [[sensual world]] alone, but one can also speak of mental and spiritual perceptions in the same sense, e.g. when we perceive our own [[feeling]]s or [[thought]]s. [[Sensory perception]] is only a special case of perception in general.

	== Sensory perception ==		== Sensory perception ==

Odyssee at 11:38, 11 May 2021

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	*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Goethes Weltanschauung'', [[GA 6]] (1990), ISBN 3-7274-0060-9 {{Lectures\|006}}		*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Goethes Weltanschauung'', [[GA 6]] (1990), ISBN 3-7274-0060-9 {{Lectures\|006}}
	*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Mystik im Aufgange des neuzeitlichen Geisteslebens und ihr Verhältnis zur modernen Weltanschauung'', [[GA 7]] (1990), ISBN 3-7274-0070-6 {{Lectures\|007}}		*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Mystik im Aufgange des neuzeitlichen Geisteslebens und ihr Verhältnis zur modernen Weltanschauung'', [[GA 7]] (1990), ISBN 3-7274-0070-6 {{Lectures\|007}}
	*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Schriften. Kritische Ausgabe (SKA)''. Band 5: Schriften über Mystik, Mysterienwesen und Religionsgeschichte<br>''Die Mystik im Aufgange des neuzeitlichen Geisteslebens und ihr Verhältnis zur modernen Weltanschauung'' – ''Das Christentum als mystische Tatsache und die Mysterien des Altertums''. Herausgegeben und kommentiert von [[Christian Clement]]. Frommann-Holzboog Verlag, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-7728-2635-1		*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Schriften. Kritische Ausgabe (SKA)''. Band 5: Schriften über Mystik, Mysterienwesen und Religionsgeschichte<br>''Die Mystik im Aufgange des neuzeitlichen Geisteslebens und ihr Verhältnis zur modernen Weltanschauung'' – ''Das Christentum als mystische Tatsache und die Mysterien des Altertums''. Herausgegeben und kommentiert von [[a:Christian Clement\|Christian Clement]]. Frommann-Holzboog Verlag, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-7728-2635-1
	*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Rätsel der Philosophie in ihrer Geschichte als Umriß dargestellt'', [[GA 18]] (1985), ISBN 3-7274-0180-X {{Lectures\|018}}		*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Rätsel der Philosophie in ihrer Geschichte als Umriß dargestellt'', [[GA 18]] (1985), ISBN 3-7274-0180-X {{Lectures\|018}}
	*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Anthroposophische Leitsätze'', [[GA 26]] (1998), ISBN 3-7274-0260-1 {{Lectures\|026}}		*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Anthroposophische Leitsätze'', [[GA 26]] (1998), ISBN 3-7274-0260-1 {{Lectures\|026}}

Odyssee at 11:37, 11 May 2021

2021-05-11T11:37:42Z

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	'''Perception''' (from {{Latin\|percipere}} "to perceive, grasp, apprehend"; {{Greek\|αἴσθησις}} ''aísthēsis''; {{German\|[[a:Wahrnehmung\|Wahrnehmung]]}}) is the term [[Rudolf Steiner]] specifically uses in his [[Philosophy of Freedom]] to describe the ''objects of sensation'' as they are given to [[man]] through direct [[observation]]. According to common usage, however, the ''activity of perception'' itself is also called perception. Together, both the activity of perception and the thereby phenomenally experienced content of consciousness, the so-called '''percept''', are also called perception. The perception of the outside world, for example through the [[sense of sight]] or the [[sense of hearing]], is also called '''exteroception''' (from the {{Latin\|exter}} "outside" and ''recipere'' "to receive") and is distinguished from '''interoception''' (from the {{Latin\|inter}} "in the middle, between"), which is directed at the inside of the body and includes [[proprioception]], i.e. the perception of one's own body position and movement, and [[visceroception]], the perception of internal organ activity.		'''Perception''' (from {{Latin\|percipere}} "to perceive, grasp, apprehend"; {{Greek\|αἴσθησις}} ''aísthēsis''; {{German\|[[a:Wahrnehmung\|Wahrnehmung]]}}) is the term [[Rudolf Steiner]] specifically uses in his [[Philosophy of Freedom]] to describe the ''objects of sensation'' as they are given to [[man]] through direct [[observation]]. According to common usage, however, the ''activity of perception'' itself is also called perception. Together, both the activity of perception and the thereby phenomenally experienced content of consciousness, the so-called '''percept''', are also called perception. The perception of the outside world, for example through the [[sense of sight]] or the [[sense of hearing]], is also called '''exteroception''' (from the {{Latin\|exter}} "outside" and ''recipere'' "to receive") and is distinguished from '''interoception''' (from the {{Latin\|inter}} "in the middle, between"), which is directed at the inside of the body and includes [[proprioception]], i.e. the perception of one's own body position and movement, and [[visceroception]], the perception of internal organ activity.

	Perceptions are not limited to the [[sensory world]] alone, but one can also speak of mental and spiritual perceptions in the same sense, e.g. when we perceive our own [[feeling]]s or [[thought]]s. Sensory perception is only a special case of perception in general.		Perceptions are not limited to the [[sensory world]] alone, but one can also speak of mental and spiritual perceptions in the same sense, e.g. when we perceive our own [[feeling]]s or [[thought]]s. [[Sensory perception]] is only a special case of perception in general.

			== Sensory perception ==
			{{Main\|Sensory perception}}

			[[Sensory perception]] erases all non-sensory, ideational contents. These can only be grasped by thinking - and in an extended sense by the spiritual view - and only together with perception give the whole reality.

			{{GZ\|The senses are physical instruments. Their communications about things can thus only concern the physical in things. And this physical in things communicates to me in such a way that a physical process is excited in myself. The colour as a physical process of the outer world excites a physical process in my eye and in my brain. In this way I perceive the colour. In this way, however, I can only perceive that of the colour which is physical, sensual about it. Sensual perception eliminates everything non-sensual from things. Through it, things are stripped of everything that is non-sensual about them. If I then proceed to the spiritual, the ideal content, I only restore that which sensual perception has erased from things. Thus sensual perception does not show me the deepest essence of things; it rather separates me from this essence. Spiritual, ideal perception, however, reconnects me with this essence. It shows me that the things in their interior are of exactly the same spiritual essence as I myself. The boundary between me and the outer world falls away through the spiritual grasp of the world. I am separated from the outer world insofar as I am a sensuous thing among sensuous things. My eye and the colour are two different entities. My brain and the plant are two different things. But the ideal content of the plant and of the colour belong with the ideal content of my brain and of the eye to a unified ideal entity.\|7\|42f}}

	== Literatur ==		== Literatur ==

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'''Perception''' (from {{Latin|percipere}} "to perceive, grasp, apprehend"; {{Greek|αἴσθησις}} ''aísthēsis''; {{German|[[a:Wahrnehmung|Wahrnehmung]]}}) is the term [[Rudolf Steiner]] specifically uses in his [[Philosophy of Freedom]] to describe the ''objects of sensation'' as they are given to [[man]] through direct [[observation]]. According to common usage, however, the ''activity of perception'' itself is also called perception. Together, both the activity of perception and the thereby phenomenally experienced content of consciousness, the so-called '''percept''', are also called perception. The perception of the outside world, for example through the [[sense of sight]] or the [[sense of hearing]], is also called '''exteroception''' (from the {{Latin|exter}} "outside" and ''recipere'' "to receive") and is distinguished from '''interoception''' (from the {{Latin|inter}} "in the middle, between"), which is directed at the inside of the body and includes [[proprioception]], i.e. the perception of one's own body position and movement, and [[visceroception]], the perception of internal organ activity.

Perceptions are not limited to the [[sensory world]] alone, but one can also speak of mental and spiritual perceptions in the same sense, e.g. when we perceive our own [[feeling]]s or [[thought]]s. Sensory perception is only a special case of perception in general.

== Literatur ==

*[[a:Gerhard Kienle|Gerhard Kienle]], [[a:Herbert Hensel|Herbert Hensel]], Karl-Ernst Schäfer: ''Wissenschaft und Anthroposophie'', Urachhaus-Verlag, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 978-3878386094
* Marek B. Majorek: ''Rudolf Steiners Geisteswissenschaft: Mythisches Denken oder Wissenschaft?'', 2 Bände, Verlag Narr Francke Attempto, Tübingen 2015, ISBN 978-3772085635, eBook: ASIN B0714F4N5R
*[[a:Peter Heusser|Peter Heusser]]: ''Anthroposophie und Wissenschaft: Eine Einführung. Erkenntniswissenschaft, Physik, Chemie, Genetik, Biologie, Neurobiologie, Psychologie, Philosophie des Geistes, Anthropologie, Anthroposophie, Medizin'', Verlag am Goetheanum, Dornach 2016, ISBN 978-3723515686
*Johannes Weinzirl (Hrsg.), Peter Heusser (Hrsg.): ''Was ist Geist?'', Wittener Kolloquium für Humanismus, Medizin und Philosophie, Band 2, Königshausen u. Neumann 2014, ISBN 978-3826052224
*Peter Heusser, Johannes Weinzirl: ''Rudolf Steiner: Seine Bedeutung für Wissenschaft und Leben heute'', Schattauer Verlag 2013, ISBN 978-3794529476, eBook {{ASIN|B07N91XPKK}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Einleitungen zu Goethes Naturwissenschaftlichen Schriften'', [[GA 1]] (1987), ISBN 3-7274-0011-0 {{Lectures|001}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Wahrheit und Wissenschaft'', [[GA 3]] (1980), ISBN 3-7274-0030-7 {{Lectures|003}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Philosophie der Freiheit'', [[GA 4]] (1995) {{Lectures|004}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Goethes Weltanschauung'', [[GA 6]] (1990), ISBN 3-7274-0060-9 {{Lectures|006}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Mystik im Aufgange des neuzeitlichen Geisteslebens und ihr Verhältnis zur modernen Weltanschauung'', [[GA 7]] (1990), ISBN 3-7274-0070-6 {{Lectures|007}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Schriften. Kritische Ausgabe (SKA)''. Band 5: Schriften über Mystik, Mysterienwesen und Religionsgeschichte<br>''Die Mystik im Aufgange des neuzeitlichen Geisteslebens und ihr Verhältnis zur modernen Weltanschauung'' – ''Das Christentum als mystische Tatsache und die Mysterien des Altertums''. Herausgegeben und kommentiert von [[Christian Clement]]. Frommann-Holzboog Verlag, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-7728-2635-1
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Rätsel der Philosophie in ihrer Geschichte als Umriß dargestellt'', [[GA 18]] (1985), ISBN 3-7274-0180-X {{Lectures|018}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Anthroposophische Leitsätze'', [[GA 26]] (1998), ISBN 3-7274-0260-1 {{Lectures|026}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Philosophie und Anthroposophie'', [[GA 35]] (1984), ISBN 3-7274-0350-0 {{Lectures|035}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die befruchtende Wirkung der Anthroposophie auf die Fachwissenschaften'', [[GA 76]] (1977), ISBN 3-7274-0760-3 {{Lectures|076}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Die Beantwortung von Welt- und Lebensfragen durch Anthroposophie'', [[GA 108]] (1986), ISBN 3-7274-1081-7 {{Lectures|108}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Okkultes Lesen und okkultes Hören'', [[GA 156]] (2003), ISBN 3-7274-1561-4 {{Lectures|156}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Menschenwerden, Weltenseele und Weltengeist – Erster Teil'', [[GA 205]] (1987), ISBN 3-7274-2050-2 {{Lectures|205}}
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Grenzen der Naturerkenntnis'', [[GA 322]] (1981), ISBN 3-7274-3220-9 {{Lectures|322}}

;Criticism

* Bernhard Kallert: ''Die Erkenntnistheorie Rudolf Steiners. Der Erkenntnisbegriff des objektiven Idealismus'', Verlag freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1960, ISBN 978-3-7725-0612-3
* Gerhard Hahn: ''Die Freiheit der Philosophie. Eine Fundamentalkritik der Anthroposophie'', Licet Verlag Göttingen 1995, ISBN 978-3980422505
* Hartmut Traub: ''Philosophie und Anthroposophie. Die philosophische Weltanschauung Rudolf Steiners - Grundlegung und Kritik'', Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 9783170220195
* Jaap Gerhard Sijmons: ''Phänomenologie und Idealismus: Struktur und Methode der Philosophie Rudolf Steiners'', Schwabe Verlag, Basel 2008, ISBN 978-3796522635

{{GA}}

[[Category:Senses]]
[[Category:Perception]]
[[de:Wahrnehmung]]