Ontogenesis - Revision history

Odyssee at 08:02, 14 March 2022

2022-03-14T08:02:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:02, 14 March 2022
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	~~[[File:HumanEmbryogenesis.svg\|thumb\|400px\|The initial stages of [[human embryogenesis]]]]~~
	[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]		[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]

Odyssee at 07:23, 14 March 2022

2022-03-14T07:23:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:23, 14 March 2022
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			[[File:HumanEmbryogenesis.svg\|thumb\|400px\|The initial stages of [[human embryogenesis]]]]
	[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]		[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]

Odyssee at 07:18, 14 March 2022

2022-03-14T07:18:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:18, 14 March 2022
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	[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]		[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]

	'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") or '''ontogeny''' is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the ~~'''~~recapitulation theory~~'''~~ formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.		'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") or '''ontogeny''' is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the [[recapitulation theory]] formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.

	[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:		[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:

Odyssee at 07:13, 14 March 2022

2022-03-14T07:13:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:13, 14 March 2022
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	[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]		[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]

	'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.		'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") or '''ontogeny''' is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.

	[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:		[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:

Odyssee at 15:14, 11 March 2022

2022-03-11T15:14:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:14, 11 March 2022
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	[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]		[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]

	'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") is, according to [[Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.		'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.

	[[L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:		[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:

	{{GZ\|The facts are of course correct, because they are observed by the senses. But if we are to judge them, then we have to consider what is the power of the intellectual soul. It cannot approach what cannot be seen sensually. Therefore, if it does not have the disposition to truth within, it is necessarily subject to error. And here we have a glaring example of how the power of judgment, which comes from the intellectual soul, can sail into error [...]		{{GZ\|The facts are of course correct, because they are observed by the senses. But if we are to judge them, then we have to consider what is the power of the intellectual soul. It cannot approach what cannot be seen sensually. Therefore, if it does not have the disposition to truth within, it is necessarily subject to error. And here we have a glaring example of how the power of judgment, which comes from the intellectual soul, can sail into error [...]
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	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

	* [[Erich Blechschmidt]]: ''Wie beginnt das menschliche Leben: vom Ei zum Embryo'', Christiana Verlag, Stein am Rhein, 6. Aufl., 1989		* [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]]: ''Wie beginnt das menschliche Leben: vom Ei zum Embryo'', Christiana Verlag, Stein am Rhein, 6. Aufl., 1989
	* [[L.F.C. Mees]]: ''Tiere sind, was Menschen haben'', J. Ch. Mellinger Verlag, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 978-3880692237		* [[w:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]]: ''Tiere sind, was Menschen haben'', J. Ch. Mellinger Verlag, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 978-3880692237
	* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Anthroposophie, Psychosophie, Pneumatosophie'', GA 115 (1980), Vierter Vortrag, Berlin, 27. Oktober 1909 {{Lectures\|115}}		* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Anthroposophie, Psychosophie, Pneumatosophie'', GA 115 (1980), Vierter Vortrag, Berlin, 27. Oktober 1909 {{Lectures\|115}}

Odyssee at 14:32, 11 March 2022

2022-03-11T14:32:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 11 March 2022
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			[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]

	'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") is, according to [[Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.		'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") is, according to [[Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.

Odyssee at 13:45, 11 March 2022

2022-03-11T13:45:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 11 March 2022
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	What then does the fact show that man at a certain stage of his germinal life looks like a little fish? This fact shows that man cannot use that which is fish-shaped, that he had to expel it before he began his human existence. And the next germ form is again one that man had to expel because it does not belong to him, just as man had to expel all animal forms because they do not belong to him. Man could not have become man if he had ever appeared on earth in such a form as these animal forms are. He just had to separate them from himself, so that he could become man. If you follow these thoughts in the right way, you will also come to a right judgment. What do the facts show that man in the germ stage, for example, looks like a little fish? These facts show that he has never looked like a little fish in the course of his line of descent, that he has rejected the fish form in the very line of his development, that he could not use it because he was not allowed to look like it. Now take all the other successive forms which modern science shows you in the forms of germ life. What do these forms show? They show everything that man was not in prehistoric times, that he had to expel from himself. They show all those images which he has never seen similar. Thus one can learn in truth by the embryology, how man never looked in the prehistoric times [...] Just the reverse order of the evolution was assumed by the sailing into the error, by the fact that the mind has really proved quite unsuitable to think through these facts of the reality truthfully. Certainly these pictures of the past are extraordinarily important for us, because we recognize precisely by them how we have never looked.\|115\|81ff}}		What then does the fact show that man at a certain stage of his germinal life looks like a little fish? This fact shows that man cannot use that which is fish-shaped, that he had to expel it before he began his human existence. And the next germ form is again one that man had to expel because it does not belong to him, just as man had to expel all animal forms because they do not belong to him. Man could not have become man if he had ever appeared on earth in such a form as these animal forms are. He just had to separate them from himself, so that he could become man. If you follow these thoughts in the right way, you will also come to a right judgment. What do the facts show that man in the germ stage, for example, looks like a little fish? These facts show that he has never looked like a little fish in the course of his line of descent, that he has rejected the fish form in the very line of his development, that he could not use it because he was not allowed to look like it. Now take all the other successive forms which modern science shows you in the forms of germ life. What do these forms show? They show everything that man was not in prehistoric times, that he had to expel from himself. They show all those images which he has never seen similar. Thus one can learn in truth by the embryology, how man never looked in the prehistoric times [...] Just the reverse order of the evolution was assumed by the sailing into the error, by the fact that the mind has really proved quite unsuitable to think through these facts of the reality truthfully. Certainly these pictures of the past are extraordinarily important for us, because we recognize precisely by them how we have never looked.\|115\|81ff}}

	According to Rudolf Steiner, man was not only ontogentically, but also phylogenetically man from the beginning - admittedly not in his present form. He developed to his today's form just by the fact that he eliminated the animal forms in the course of the phylogenesis little by little from his being. In this sense not man descends from the animal, but rather vice versa the animals from the man.		According to Rudolf Steiner, man was not only ''ontogentically'', but also ''phylogenetically'' man from the very beginning - admittedly not in his present form. He developed to his today's form just by the fact that he eliminated the animal forms in the course of the phylogenesis little by little from his being. In this sense not man descends from the animal, but rather vice versa the animals from the man.

	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

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'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang|grc|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang|grc|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") is, according to [[Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.

[[L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:

{{GZ|The facts are of course correct, because they are observed by the senses. But if we are to judge them, then we have to consider what is the power of the intellectual soul. It cannot approach what cannot be seen sensually. Therefore, if it does not have the disposition to truth within, it is necessarily subject to error. And here we have a glaring example of how the power of judgment, which comes from the intellectual soul, can sail into error [...]

What then does the fact show that man at a certain stage of his germinal life looks like a little fish? This fact shows that man cannot use that which is fish-shaped, that he had to expel it before he began his human existence. And the next germ form is again one that man had to expel because it does not belong to him, just as man had to expel all animal forms because they do not belong to him. Man could not have become man if he had ever appeared on earth in such a form as these animal forms are. He just had to separate them from himself, so that he could become man. If you follow these thoughts in the right way, you will also come to a right judgment. What do the facts show that man in the germ stage, for example, looks like a little fish? These facts show that he has never looked like a little fish in the course of his line of descent, that he has rejected the fish form in the very line of his development, that he could not use it because he was not allowed to look like it. Now take all the other successive forms which modern science shows you in the forms of germ life. What do these forms show? They show everything that man was not in prehistoric times, that he had to expel from himself. They show all those images which he has never seen similar. Thus one can learn in truth by the embryology, how man never looked in the prehistoric times [...] Just the reverse order of the evolution was assumed by the sailing into the error, by the fact that the mind has really proved quite unsuitable to think through these facts of the reality truthfully. Certainly these pictures of the past are extraordinarily important for us, because we recognize precisely by them how we have never looked.|115|81ff}}

According to Rudolf Steiner, man was not only ontogentically, but also phylogenetically man from the beginning - admittedly not in his present form. He developed to his today's form just by the fact that he eliminated the animal forms in the course of the phylogenesis little by little from his being. In this sense not man descends from the animal, but rather vice versa the animals from the man.

== Literature ==

* [[Erich Blechschmidt]]: ''Wie beginnt das menschliche Leben: vom Ei zum Embryo'', Christiana Verlag, Stein am Rhein, 6. Aufl., 1989
* [[L.F.C. Mees]]: ''Tiere sind, was Menschen haben'', J. Ch. Mellinger Verlag, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 978-3880692237
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Anthroposophie, Psychosophie, Pneumatosophie'', GA 115 (1980), Vierter Vortrag, Berlin, 27. Oktober 1909 {{Lectures|115}}

{{GA}}

== Weblinks ==
;Videos
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ6vkDr_Dec Zebrafish embryonic development at single cell resolution] - The development of a [[w:zebrafish|zebrafish]] embryo from the fertilized egg cell.

[[Category:Biology]]
[[de:Ontogenese]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:18, 14 March 2022
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	[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]		[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]

	'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") or '''ontogeny''' is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the ~~'''~~recapitulation theory~~'''~~ formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.		'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") or '''ontogeny''' is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the [[recapitulation theory]] formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.

	[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:		[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:13, 14 March 2022
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	[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]		[[File:ErnstHaeckelDW.jpg\|thumb\|[[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1908)]]

	'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.		'''Ontogenesis''' ({{Greek\|ὀντογένεση}}, from {{lang\|grc\|ὄν}} ''on'' "that which exists" and {{lang\|grc\|γένεσις}} ''génesis'' "birth, emergence") or '''ontogeny''' is, according to [[w:Ernst Haeckel\|Ernst Haeckel]] (1866), the developmental history of the individual [[living being]] from the fertilized ovum to the adult stage. [[Phylogenesis]], on the other hand, describes the phylogenetic development of the [[species]]. The basic [[biogenetic law]], the '''recapitulation theory''' formulated by Haeckel, according to which ontogenesis recapitulates phylogenesis in an abbreviated form, is today considered to be refuted in the form advocated by Haeckel. Based on a collection of several hundred thousand sections of human embryos [[w:Erich Blechschmidt\|Erich Blechschmidt]] (1904-1992) already came to the opinion that the human embryonic development differs from the animal one already from the very first moment, so that there can never be a question of a "recapitulation" in the sense of Haeckel. [[Man]] is man from the very beginning and differs fundamentally from the animal.

	[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous:		[[a:L.F.C. Mees\|L.F.C. Mees]] has shown, however, that just the repetition of important developmental stages in the [[animal kingdom]] can throw a new light on [[evolution]], and that Blechschmidt's views and the basic biogenetic law are compatible - only it must then be applied in a different sense than Haeckel did. He bases this on statements of [[Rudolf Steiner]]. Steiner certainly acknowledged the facts underlying this law, but he considered Haeckel's interpretation of these facts to be erroneous: