Biodynamic agriculture - Revision history

Odyssee at 13:36, 2 August 2021

2021-08-02T13:36:30Z

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	In the field of plant breeding, the aim is to breed the plant "according to its nature". This means, for example, that a [[w:wheat\|wheat]] plant should be particularly wheat-typical and not have [[w:spelt\|spelt]] traits ([[w:dinkel wheat\|dinkel wheat]]). Hence the consistent rejection of [[w:genetic engineering\|genetic engineering]].		In the field of plant breeding, the aim is to breed the plant "according to its nature". This means, for example, that a [[w:wheat\|wheat]] plant should be particularly wheat-typical and not have [[w:spelt\|spelt]] traits ([[w:dinkel wheat\|dinkel wheat]]). Hence the consistent rejection of [[w:genetic engineering\|genetic engineering]].

	The effect of the biodynamic methods and preparations is, in contrast to the bio-organic ones, difficult to prove with the usual scientific methods, since the dilutions, for example in the case of the preparations horn silica and horn dung, are often in homeopathic doses. Special [[image~~-creating~~ method]]s have therefore been developed for the quality assurance of the products.		The effect of the biodynamic methods and preparations is, in contrast to the bio-organic ones, difficult to prove with the usual scientific methods, since the dilutions, for example in the case of the preparations horn silica and horn dung, are often in homeopathic doses. Special [[image forming method]]s have therefore been developed for the quality assurance of the products.

	=== Scientific results on the effectiveness of the biodynamic method ===		=== Scientific results on the effectiveness of the biodynamic method ===

Odyssee at 13:32, 2 August 2021

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	The effect of the biodynamic methods and preparations is, in contrast to the bio-organic ones, difficult to prove with the usual scientific methods, since the dilutions, for example in the case of the preparations horn silica and horn dung, are often in homeopathic doses. Special [[image-creating method]]s have therefore been developed for the quality assurance of the products.		The effect of the biodynamic methods and preparations is, in contrast to the bio-organic ones, difficult to prove with the usual scientific methods, since the dilutions, for example in the case of the preparations horn silica and horn dung, are often in homeopathic doses. Special [[image-creating method]]s have therefore been developed for the quality assurance of the products.

	=== Scientific results on the effectiveness of the biodynamic method ==		=== Scientific results on the effectiveness of the biodynamic method ===

	Several scientific studies have been able to prove, for example, that the vitality of cultivated soils increases significantly after only a few years of biodynamic cultivation, measured in terms of [[w:species diversity\|species diversity]] and quantity of [[w:microorganism\|microorganism]]s.		Several scientific studies have been able to prove, for example, that the vitality of cultivated soils increases significantly after only a few years of biodynamic cultivation, measured in terms of [[w:species diversity\|species diversity]] and quantity of [[w:microorganism\|microorganism]]s.

Odyssee at 13:30, 2 August 2021

2021-08-02T13:30:33Z

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	The effect of the biodynamic methods and preparations is, in contrast to the bio-organic ones, difficult to prove with the usual scientific methods, since the dilutions, for example in the case of the preparations horn silica and horn dung, are often in homeopathic doses. Special [[image-creating method]]s have therefore been developed for the quality assurance of the products.		The effect of the biodynamic methods and preparations is, in contrast to the bio-organic ones, difficult to prove with the usual scientific methods, since the dilutions, for example in the case of the preparations horn silica and horn dung, are often in homeopathic doses. Special [[image-creating method]]s have therefore been developed for the quality assurance of the products.

			=== Scientific results on the effectiveness of the biodynamic method ==

			Several scientific studies have been able to prove, for example, that the vitality of cultivated soils increases significantly after only a few years of biodynamic cultivation, measured in terms of [[w:species diversity\|species diversity]] and quantity of [[w:microorganism\|microorganism]]s.

			Research by the anthroposophical [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIBL Schweizer Forschungsinstituts für biologischen Landbau (FIBL)] (Swiss Research Institute of Organic Agriculture) over more than 20 years suggests that, compared to conventional and organic-biological farming, the use of biodynamic preparations in biodynamic farming has increased the fertility of the soil.<ref>[http://orgprints.org/5514/ Paul Mäder, Fliessbach A., Dubois D., Gunst L., Fried P., Niggli U. (2002) ''Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming''. Science 296, 1694-1697]</ref> For the essential parameters such as earthworm biomass, number of weed species or number of ground beetle species, the biodynamically cultivated trial areas were mostly ahead of the organically-biologically and conventionally cultivated ones. This evaluation is known as the DOK trial (dynamic, organic, conventional).<ref>[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jws/jsfa/2007/00000087/00000010/art00007 Paul Mäder, Diana Hahn, David Dubois, Lucie Gunst, Thomas Alföldi, Hans Bergmann, Michael Oehme, Renato Amadò, Hanna Schneider, Ursula Graf, Alberta Velimirov, Andreas Fließbach, Urs Niggli: ''Wheat quality in organic and conventional farming: results of a 21 year field experiment''. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Volume 87, Number 10, 15. August 2007, S. 1826-1835(10)]</ref> Furthermore, the Darmstadt Institute for Biodynamic Research, also an anthroposophical institution, was able to show that the species diversity, the amount of microorganisms and the humus content of the cultivated soils increased significantly after only a few years of biodynamic cultivation.<ref>Gunter Vogt: ''Entstehung und Entwicklung des ökologischen Landbaus im deutschsprachigen Raum''. Bad Dürkheim 2000, p. 133 ff.</ref>

			An endowed chair at the [[w:University of Kassel\|University of Kassel]] for research into biodynamic agriculture was unfortunately closed after a few years because of alleged "unscientificness".

			== Practice ==

			The farm with its unique flora and fauna is regarded as a living organism. Cattle husbandry, the farm's own seeds and fodder, fertilisation with composted or fermented farm manure (preparations) and legume cultivation are the basis for a self-sufficient farm cycle in which soil, plants, animals and people live in harmonious balance and can unite to form a vital overall organism. Instead of chemical mineral fertilisers and pest control, biodynamic farming uses special herbal, quartz and manure preparations for fertilisation, pest control and compost preparation. Preparations made from cow dung and from medicinal plants such as dandelion or valerian promote the vitality of the soil. The components are dynamically mixed with water, allowing their subtle qualities to unfold, and applied in homeopathic dilution. All processes, from preparation to application, must take place at the right time, which is determined by the interaction of earthly and cosmic rhythms. The fact that wood harvested during a waning moon is much more resistant is already widely recognised today; but other cosmic rhythms also have a significant effect on earthly life processes (constellation research).

			Today, biodynamic agriculture can look back on 80 years of success. Biodynamically produced products are marketed under the [https://www.demeter.net/ Demeter] trademark.

	==Literature ==		==Literature ==

Odyssee at 14:57, 29 July 2021

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 '''Biodynamic agriculture''' means farming according to [[Anthroposophy|anthroposophical]] principles, which were set out in detail by [[Rudolf Steiner]], particularly in his "[[Agriculture Course]]" {{GZ||327}}, given in 1924 on the [[w:Kobierzyce|Koberwitz]] estate near [[w:Breslau|Breslau]], for a group of farmers from the anthroposophical movement.
 ==Literature ==
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 [[Category:Biodynamic agriculture]]
 [[de:Biologisch-dynamische Landwirtschaft]]

Odyssee: Created page with "'''Biodynamic agriculture''' means farming according to anthroposophical principles, which were set out in detail by Rudolf Steiner, particularly in his..."

2021-07-29T14:22:33Z

Created page with "'''Biodynamic agriculture''' means farming according to anthroposophical principles, which were set out in detail by Rudolf Steiner, particularly in his..."

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'''Biodynamic agriculture''' means farming according to [[Anthroposophy|anthroposophical]] principles, which were set out in detail by [[Rudolf Steiner]], particularly in his "[[Agriculture Course]]" {{GZ||327}}, given in 1924 on the [[w:Kobierzyce|Koberwitz]] estate near [[w:Breslau|Breslau]], for a group of farmers from the anthroposophical movement.

==Literature ==

*Adalbert Graf von Keyserlingk: ''Koberwitz 1924. Geburtsstunde einer neuen Landwirtschaft'', Hilfswerk Elisabeth 1985, {{ASIN|B0050G36Q4}}; New Edition: Books on Demand 2018, ISBN 978-3752862775
*Hugo Erbe: ''Präparate zur Förderung des elementarischen Lebens im biologisch-dynamischen Land- und Gartenbau'', Lohengrin-Verlag, Tellingstedt 2003
*Christian von Wistinghausen, Wolfgang Scheibe, Eckard von Wistinghausen, Uli Johannes König: ''Anleitung zur Herstellung der Biologisch-Dynamischen Präparate'', Arbeitsheft Nr. 1, 4. erweitere Auflage, Verlag Lebendige Erde, Darmstadt 2007, ISBN 3-921536-56-0
*Christian von Wistinghausen, Wolfgang Scheibe, Eckard von Wistinghausen, Uli Johannes König: ''Anleitung zur Anwendung der biologisch-dynamischen Feldspritz- und Düngerpräparate'', Arbeitsheft Nr. 2, Verlag Lebendige Erde, Darmstadt 2005, ISBN 978-941232-07-5
*John Paull: ''Biodynamic Agriculture: The Journey from Koberwitz to the World, 1924-1938''. in: '' Journal of Organic Systems'', 6(1), 2011 [https://www.academia.edu/18575685/Biodynamic_Agriculture_The_Journey_from_Koberwitz_to_the_World_1924-1938 academia.edu]
*John Paull: ''The Pioneers of Biodynamics in USA: The Early Milestones of Organic Agriculture in the United States'', in: ''American Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development'' Vol. 6, No. 2, 2019, pp. 89-94 [https://www.academia.edu/39761849/The_Pioneers_of_Biodynamics_in_USA_The_Early_Milestones_of_Organic_Agriculture_in_the_United_States academia.edu]
*[[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Geisteswissenschaftliche Grundlagen zum Gedeihen der Landwirtschaft'', 8. Auflage, [[GA 327]] (1999) {{Lectures|327}}

{{GA}}

[[Category:Biodynamic agriculture]]
[[de:Biologisch-dynamische Landwirtschaft]]