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Odyssee: Created page with "'''Archelaus''' ({{Greek|Ἀρχέλαος}} ''Archélaos'', also '''Archelaus of Athens''') was an ancient Greek philosopher. He lived in the 5th century BC...."

2022-02-07T13:03:02Z

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'''Archelaus''' ({{Greek|Ἀρχέλαος}} ''Archélaos'', also '''Archelaus of Athens''') was an ancient [[Greeks|Greek]] [[philosopher]]. He lived in the 5th century BC.

Archelaus was probably born in [[w:Athens|Athens]]. He was a student of [[Anaxagoras]] and, according to [[Diogenes Laertios]], a teacher of [[Socrates]] and [[Euripides]]. Although some scholars suspect that this was only an attempt to connect the [[pre-Socratic]] [[Ionian school]] with Socrates, others consider Diogenes' statement to be credible. Archelaus' own works have not survived, so that his teachings can only be inferred from information in Diogenes Laertios, [[w:Simplicius|Simplicius]], [[w:Plutarch|Plutarch]] and [[w:Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus of Rome]].

In his [[cosmology]] he drew on the Ionian school. He speculated on the existence of a basic [[matter]] identical with [[air]] and mixed with [[spirit]], thus bypassing the matter-spirit dualism of Anaxagoras. From this spirit-filled "air" emerged, through solidification and dilution, [[warm]] and [[cold]], [[water]] and [[fire]]. One aspect always passive, the other active. Archelaus saw the [[earth]] and the heavenly bodies as made of dirt and dust, the product of fire and water. From this, he said, [[man]] also arose, initially in his lower form. Morality and artistic dispositions distinguish man from the [[animal]]. He explained [[language]] by the movement of the air; in this he seems to have adopted the views of Anaxagoras.

Archelaus also claimed that the earth was flat, but that it had to be depressed towards the centre, otherwise the [[sun]] would rise and set everywhere at the same time. The sun was the largest of the [[star]]s.

Archelaus probably also developed [[ethics]]. For him, what is just and what is harmful do not exist by nature, but are products of convention. Knowledge of the prevailing rules (different in time and culture) and influencing them to one's own advantage is at the heart of sophist philosophy.

== Literature ==
* Richard Goulet: ''Archélaos le Physicien''. In: Richard Goulet (Hrsg.): ''Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques'', Band 1, CNRS, Paris 1989, ISBN 2-222-04042-6, S. 333–334; Nachtrag im Band ''Supplément'', Paris 2003, ISBN 2-271-06175-X, S. 78 f.
* [[WikipediaDE:Georg Rechenauer|Georg Rechenauer]]: ''Archelaos aus Athen''. In: [[WikipediaDE:Hellmut Flashar|Hellmut Flashar]] u. a. (Hrsg.): ''Frühgriechische Philosophie'' (= ''[[WikipediaDE:Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie|Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie]]. Die Philosophie der Antike'', Band 1), Halbband 2, Schwabe, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-7965-2598-8, S. 797–810

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Archelaus (philosopher) - Revision history

Odyssee at 13:32, 7 February 2022

Odyssee: Created page with "'''Archelaus''' ({{Greek|Ἀρχέλαος}} ''Archélaos'', also '''Archelaus of Athens''') was an ancient Greek philosopher. He lived in the 5th century BC...."