Alchemy - Revision history

Odyssee: /* Alchemy and the Astral World */

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Alchemy and the Astral World

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	== Alchemy and the Astral World ==		== Alchemy and the Astral World ==

	According to [[Rudolf Steiner]], alchemy is the third of the so-called [[seven secrets of life]] and is guided by the [[law of elective affinity]], which also determines, so to speak, the [[sympathy]] and [[antipathy]] of [[substance]]s to one another. The [[w:chemical affinity\|chemical affinity]] of substances is a physical reflection of these laws. This third secret of life already had its origin on the third planetary embodiment of our [[Earth]], the so-called [[Old Moon]]. It was then that the [[astral body]] of [[man]] was formed.		According to [[Rudolf Steiner]], the [[secret of alchemy]] is the third of the so-called [[seven secrets of life]] and is guided by the [[law of elective affinity]], which also determines, so to speak, the [[sympathy]] and [[antipathy]] of [[substance]]s to one another. The [[w:chemical affinity\|chemical affinity]] of substances is a physical reflection of these laws. This third secret of life already had its origin on the third planetary embodiment of our [[Earth]], the so-called [[Old Moon]]. It was then that the [[astral body]] of [[man]] was formed.

	{{GZ\|On the third planet a third thing developed in addition to the number: the law of elective affinity. It consists in the fact that people develop sympathy and antipathy for each other. This law is found in all realms, for example in chemistry, in the mineral kingdom. This also made it possible for a new kingdom to form. The animal kingdom, the plant kingdom, the mineral kingdom were formed. Man, as we see him today, did not exist at that time. He was then still a kind of animal, on the kamic stage. The spirit had not yet entered the body.\|89\|144ff}}		{{GZ\|On the third planet a third thing developed in addition to the number: the law of elective affinity. It consists in the fact that people develop sympathy and antipathy for each other. This law is found in all realms, for example in chemistry, in the mineral kingdom. This also made it possible for a new kingdom to form. The animal kingdom, the plant kingdom, the mineral kingdom were formed. Man, as we see him today, did not exist at that time. He was then still a kind of animal, on the kamic stage. The spirit had not yet entered the body.\|89\|144ff}}

Odyssee: /* Alchemy and the Astral World */

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Alchemy and the Astral World

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	== Alchemy and the Astral World ==		== Alchemy and the Astral World ==

	According to [[Rudolf Steiner]], alchemy is the third of the so-called [[seven secrets of life]] and is guided by the law of elective affinity, which also determines, ~~as it were~~, the [[sympathy]] and [[antipathy]] of [[substance]]s to one another. The [[w:chemical affinity\|chemical affinity]] of substances is a physical reflection of these laws. This third secret of life already had its origin on the third planetary embodiment of our [[Earth]], the so-called [[Old Moon]]. It was then that the [[astral body]] of [[man]] was formed.		According to [[Rudolf Steiner]], alchemy is the third of the so-called [[seven secrets of life]] and is guided by the [[law of elective affinity]], which also determines, so to speak, the [[sympathy]] and [[antipathy]] of [[substance]]s to one another. The [[w:chemical affinity\|chemical affinity]] of substances is a physical reflection of these laws. This third secret of life already had its origin on the third planetary embodiment of our [[Earth]], the so-called [[Old Moon]]. It was then that the [[astral body]] of [[man]] was formed.

	{{GZ\|On the third planet a third thing developed in addition to the number: the law of elective affinity. It consists in the fact that people develop sympathy and antipathy for each other. This law is found in all realms, for example in chemistry, in the mineral kingdom. This also made it possible for a new kingdom to form. The animal kingdom, the plant kingdom, the mineral kingdom were formed. Man, as we see him today, did not exist at that time. He was then still a kind of animal, on the kamic stage. The spirit had not yet entered the body.\|89\|144ff}}		{{GZ\|On the third planet a third thing developed in addition to the number: the law of elective affinity. It consists in the fact that people develop sympathy and antipathy for each other. This law is found in all realms, for example in chemistry, in the mineral kingdom. This also made it possible for a new kingdom to form. The animal kingdom, the plant kingdom, the mineral kingdom were formed. Man, as we see him today, did not exist at that time. He was then still a kind of animal, on the kamic stage. The spirit had not yet entered the body.\|89\|144ff}}

	Sympathy and antipathy are the two basic forces of the [[astral world]] and the true background of all genuine alchemical endeavours is the transformation and purification of the [[astral forces]] that underlie the material world, accompanied by the simultaneous gradual transformation of the human astral body into the [[spirit self]].		Sympathy and antipathy are the two basic forces of the [[astral world]] and the true background of all genuine alchemical endeavours is the transformation and purification of the [[astral forces]] that underlie the material world, accompanied by the simultaneous gradual transformation of the human astral body into the [[spirit self]].

	== The development of alchemy in the course of cultural epochs ==		== The development of alchemy in the course of cultural epochs ==

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	=== Greco-Latin culture ===		=== Greco-Latin culture ===

	With the rise of [[philosophy]] in the [[Greco-Latin period]], alchemy became a branch of the more speculative ancient natural philosophy. Special attention was paid to the [[four-element doctrine]] and the central teachings of [[Aristotle]]: the [[fifth element]] (the [[quintessence]]), which he conceptualised for the first time, the [[prima materia]], which he also characterised, and his [[w:hylemorphism\|hylemorphism]], according to which all finite [[substance]]s consist of two different principles: [[matter]] ({{Greek\|ὕλη}} ''hýlē'') and [[form]] ({{Greek\|μορφή}} morphḗ).		With the rise of [[philosophy]] in the [[Greco-Latin period]], alchemy became a branch of the more speculative ancient natural philosophy. Special attention was paid to the [[four-element doctrine]] and the central teachings of [[w:Aristotle\|Aristotle]]: the [[fifth element]] (the [[quintessence]]), which he conceptualised for the first time, the [[prima materia]], which he also characterised, and his [[w:hylemorphism\|hylemorphism]], according to which all finite [[substance]]s consist of two different principles: [[matter]] ({{Greek\|ὕλη}} ''hýlē'') and [[form]] ({{Greek\|μορφή}} morphḗ).

	At the beginning of the 1st century AD, [[w:Alexandria\|Alexandria]] was the predominant centre of alchemy. Alchemy incorporated much of the craft knowledge and skills for the production of colours, fragrances, oils, medicines and cosmetics, which was only passed on orally from woman to woman, which is why alchemical work was also sometimes referred to as ''opus mulierum'' ("women's work"). Matter was also regarded as mater or matrix, as mother or even womb, as a maternal earthly element which, in the course of the alchemical operations, is impregnated by the cosmic, male-perceived spirit, giving it the possibility of earthly embodiment and earthly efficacy.		At the beginning of the 1st century AD, [[w:Alexandria\|Alexandria]] was the predominant centre of alchemy. Alchemy incorporated much of the craft knowledge and skills for the production of colours, fragrances, oils, medicines and cosmetics, which was only passed on orally from woman to woman, which is why alchemical work was also sometimes referred to as ''opus mulierum'' ("women's work"). Matter was also regarded as mater or matrix, as mother or even womb, as a maternal earthly element which, in the course of the alchemical operations, is impregnated by the cosmic, male-perceived spirit, giving it the possibility of earthly embodiment and earthly efficacy.

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Consciousness soul age

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	=== Consciousness soul age ===		=== Consciousness soul age ===

	At the beginning of the [[consciousness soul age]], [[w:Paracelsus\|Paracelsus]] (1493 - 1541) established the doctrine of the [[Tria Principia]] sulphur, ~~mercury~~ and ~~salt~~, which is closely connected with the [[threefold nature of man]] and proved to be very fruitful for the understanding of healing processes and the preparation of remedies. However, the tria principa are not substances but processes, i.e. the [[sulphur process]], the [[mercury process]] and the [[salt process]], whose material carriers can be different substances.		At the beginning of the [[consciousness soul age]], [[w:Paracelsus\|Paracelsus]] (1493 - 1541) established the doctrine of the [[Tria Principia]] [[sulphur]], [[mercurius]] and [[sal]], which is closely connected with the [[threefold nature of man]] and proved to be very fruitful for the understanding of healing processes and the preparation of remedies. However, the tria principa are not substances but processes, i.e. the [[sulphur process]], the [[mercury process]] and the [[salt process]], whose material carriers can be different substances.

	In the 17th/18th century, alchemy was finally successively replaced by modern [[w:chemistry\|chemistry]] and [[w:pharmacology\|pharmacology]], which only pay attention to the physical outside of substances.		In the 17th/18th century, alchemy was finally successively replaced by modern [[w:chemistry\|chemistry]] and [[w:pharmacology\|pharmacology]], which only pay attention to the physical outside of substances.

Odyssee: /* Consciousness soul age */

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Consciousness soul age

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	=== Consciousness soul age ===		=== Consciousness soul age ===

	At the beginning of the [[consciousness soul age]], [[w:Paracelsus\|Paracelsus]] (1493 - 1541) established the doctrine of the [[Tria Principia]] ~~Sulfur~~, ~~Mercur~~ and ~~Sal~~, which is closely connected with the [[threefold nature of man]] and proved to be very fruitful for the understanding of healing processes and the preparation of remedies. However, the tria principa are not substances but processes, i.e. the sulphur process, the mercury process and the salt process, whose material carriers can be different substances.		At the beginning of the [[consciousness soul age]], [[w:Paracelsus\|Paracelsus]] (1493 - 1541) established the doctrine of the [[Tria Principia]] sulphur, mercury and salt, which is closely connected with the [[threefold nature of man]] and proved to be very fruitful for the understanding of healing processes and the preparation of remedies. However, the tria principa are not substances but processes, i.e. the [[sulphur process]], the [[mercury process]] and the [[salt process]], whose material carriers can be different substances.

	In the 17th/18th century, alchemy was finally successively replaced by modern [[w:chemistry\|chemistry]] and [[w:pharmacology\|pharmacology]], which only pay attention to the physical outside of substances.		In the 17th/18th century, alchemy was finally successively replaced by modern [[w:chemistry\|chemistry]] and [[w:pharmacology\|pharmacology]], which only pay attention to the physical outside of substances.

	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

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	Sympathy and antipathy are the two basic forces of the [[astral world]] and the true background of all genuine alchemical endeavours is the transformation and purification of the [[astral forces]] that underlie the material world, accompanied by the simultaneous gradual transformation of the human astral body into the [[spirit self]].		Sympathy and antipathy are the two basic forces of the [[astral world]] and the true background of all genuine alchemical endeavours is the transformation and purification of the [[astral forces]] that underlie the material world, accompanied by the simultaneous gradual transformation of the human astral body into the [[spirit self]].

			== The development of alchemy in the course of cultural epochs ==
			=== Egyptian-Chaldean culture ===
			[[File:Paracelsus01.jpg\|thumb\|Theophrast of Hohenheim, called [[w:Paracelsus\|Paracelsus]] developed the doctrine of the [[Tria Principia]].]]

			As a human skill, alchemy originated in Egypt and is rooted in the practical craftsmanship with materials, which the Egyptians had already mastered in the early days of the [[Egyptian-Chaldean culture]], guided by the high initiates who were still able to see with clairvoyance the elementary beings working in the material world. [[Hermes Trismegistos]], who according to Steiner had been a disciple of [[Zarathustra]] in an earlier incarnation, is regarded as their first and highest teacher and inaugurator of Egyptian culture. The best-known writing directly attributed to Hermes, although its external historical trace can only be traced back to the Middle Ages, is the Tabula Smaragdina, which is often regarded by alchemists as the key to the preparation of the [[philosopher's stone]].

			=== Greco-Latin culture ===

			With the rise of [[philosophy]] in the [[Greco-Latin period]], alchemy became a branch of the more speculative ancient natural philosophy. Special attention was paid to the [[four-element doctrine]] and the central teachings of [[Aristotle]]: the [[fifth element]] (the [[quintessence]]), which he conceptualised for the first time, the [[prima materia]], which he also characterised, and his [[w:hylemorphism\|hylemorphism]], according to which all finite [[substance]]s consist of two different principles: [[matter]] ({{Greek\|ὕλη}} ''hýlē'') and [[form]] ({{Greek\|μορφή}} morphḗ).

			At the beginning of the 1st century AD, [[w:Alexandria\|Alexandria]] was the predominant centre of alchemy. Alchemy incorporated much of the craft knowledge and skills for the production of colours, fragrances, oils, medicines and cosmetics, which was only passed on orally from woman to woman, which is why alchemical work was also sometimes referred to as ''opus mulierum'' ("women's work"). Matter was also regarded as mater or matrix, as mother or even womb, as a maternal earthly element which, in the course of the alchemical operations, is impregnated by the cosmic, male-perceived spirit, giving it the possibility of earthly embodiment and earthly efficacy.

			Significantly, the oldest surviving alchemical writings were written by a woman. They were written by the legendary Jewish alchemist [[w:Mary the Jewess\|Mary]] in about the 1st century AD. [[w:Zosimos of Panopolis\|Zosimos of Panopolis]] (about 350 - 420), one of the first historically tangible alchemists, quotes her frequently. Mary lived and worked in Alexandria, otherwise practically nothing is known about her life. In her writings, she describes a wide variety of basic working methods, alchemical ovens and distillation apparatuses, and already reports on the [[Opus Magnum]] for the preparation of the [[philosopher's stone]].

			=== Consciousness soul age ===

			At the beginning of the [[consciousness soul age]], [[w:Paracelsus\|Paracelsus]] (1493 - 1541) established the doctrine of the [[Tria Principia]] Sulfur, Mercur and Sal, which is closely connected with the [[threefold nature of man]] and proved to be very fruitful for the understanding of healing processes and the preparation of remedies. However, the tria principa are not substances but processes, i.e. the sulphur process, the mercury process and the salt process, whose material carriers can be different substances.

			In the 17th/18th century, alchemy was finally successively replaced by modern [[w:chemistry\|chemistry]] and [[w:pharmacology\|pharmacology]], which only pay attention to the physical outside of substances.

	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

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	Presumably, the word ''alchemy'' derives from the {{Arabic\|الخيمياء}} (al-ḫīmiyāʾ) or {{lang\|ar\|الكيمياء}} (al-kīmiyāʾ) or from the {{Greek\|χυμεία}} (chymeia). The former is the name by which the ancient Egyptians themselves referred to their country, i.e. alchemy is understood here as the "art of the Egyptians", in the sense of the latter as the "science of casting". In fact, both expressions seem to have the same root. The ancient Egyptians called their land Kemet (Km.t), which means "Black Land" or "Black Earth" and refers to the fertile soils of the [[w:Nile valley\|Nile valley]] - in contrast to the "Red Land" of the adjacent deserts, the Descheret (Dšr.t). In Coptic it became ''Kīmi'' or ''Kīmə'' and finally ''Kymeía'' in ancient Greek. This etymology points to the origins of alchemy in [[ancient Egypt]] and ([[w:Hellenism\|Hellenistic]]) [[Greece]]. [[a:Karl Christoph Schmieder\|Karl Christoph Schmieder]] also reports: {{"\|''When Plutarch asked for the meaning of this word, he was shown the black in the eye. It was a witty hieroglyph for "dark, hard to see into", i.e. mystery.''\|Schmieder, p. 52}}		Presumably, the word ''alchemy'' derives from the {{Arabic\|الخيمياء}} (al-ḫīmiyāʾ) or {{lang\|ar\|الكيمياء}} (al-kīmiyāʾ) or from the {{Greek\|χυμεία}} (chymeia). The former is the name by which the ancient Egyptians themselves referred to their country, i.e. alchemy is understood here as the "art of the Egyptians", in the sense of the latter as the "science of casting". In fact, both expressions seem to have the same root. The ancient Egyptians called their land Kemet (Km.t), which means "Black Land" or "Black Earth" and refers to the fertile soils of the [[w:Nile valley\|Nile valley]] - in contrast to the "Red Land" of the adjacent deserts, the Descheret (Dšr.t). In Coptic it became ''Kīmi'' or ''Kīmə'' and finally ''Kymeía'' in ancient Greek. This etymology points to the origins of alchemy in [[ancient Egypt]] and ([[w:Hellenism\|Hellenistic]]) [[Greece]]. [[a:Karl Christoph Schmieder\|Karl Christoph Schmieder]] also reports: {{"\|''When Plutarch asked for the meaning of this word, he was shown the black in the eye. It was a witty hieroglyph for "dark, hard to see into", i.e. mystery.''\|Schmieder, p. 52}}

			== Alchemy and the Astral World ==

			According to [[Rudolf Steiner]], alchemy is the third of the so-called [[seven secrets of life]] and is guided by the law of elective affinity, which also determines, as it were, the [[sympathy]] and [[antipathy]] of [[substance]]s to one another. The [[w:chemical affinity\|chemical affinity]] of substances is a physical reflection of these laws. This third secret of life already had its origin on the third planetary embodiment of our [[Earth]], the so-called [[Old Moon]]. It was then that the [[astral body]] of [[man]] was formed.

			{{GZ\|On the third planet a third thing developed in addition to the number: the law of elective affinity. It consists in the fact that people develop sympathy and antipathy for each other. This law is found in all realms, for example in chemistry, in the mineral kingdom. This also made it possible for a new kingdom to form. The animal kingdom, the plant kingdom, the mineral kingdom were formed. Man, as we see him today, did not exist at that time. He was then still a kind of animal, on the kamic stage. The spirit had not yet entered the body.\|89\|144ff}}

			Sympathy and antipathy are the two basic forces of the [[astral world]] and the true background of all genuine alchemical endeavours is the transformation and purification of the [[astral forces]] that underlie the material world, accompanied by the simultaneous gradual transformation of the human astral body into the [[spirit self]].

	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

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Literature

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	== Literature ==		== Literature ==
	* ''Goethes Werke''. Hamburger Ausgabe in 14 Bänden. Band 3, Hamburg 1948 ff, S 249 (Klassische Walpurgisnacht - Felsbuchten des Ägäischen Meers) [http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Dramen/Faust.+Eine+Trag%C3%B6die/Faust.+Der+Trag%C3%B6die+zweiter+Teil/2.+Akt/Felsbuchten+des+%C3%A4g%C3%A4ischen+Meers]		* ''Goethes Werke''. Hamburger Ausgabe in 14 Bänden. Band 3, Hamburg 1948 ff, S 249 (Klassische Walpurgisnacht - Felsbuchten des Ägäischen Meers) [http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Dramen/Faust.+Eine+Trag%C3%B6die/Faust.+Der+Trag%C3%B6die+zweiter+Teil/2.+Akt/Felsbuchten+des+%C3%A4g%C3%A4ischen+Meers zeno.org]
	* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Bewußtsein Leben Form'', [[GA 89]] (2001) {{Lectures\|89}}		* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Bewußtsein Leben Form'', [[GA 89]] (2001) {{Lectures\|89}}
	* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Das Ereignis der Christus-Erscheinung in der ätherischen Welt'', [[GA 118]] (1984) {{Lectures\|118}}		* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Das Ereignis der Christus-Erscheinung in der ätherischen Welt'', [[GA 118]] (1984) {{Lectures\|118}}

Odyssee at 08:43, 7 May 2021

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	'''Alchemy''', also called the ''Royal Art'' by the alchemists, serves, where it remains true to its original meaning, the spiritual transformation of the world of substances, which at the same time should contribute to an inner spiritual transformation of the '''alchemist'''.		'''Alchemy''', also called the ''Royal Art'' by the alchemists, serves, where it remains true to its original meaning, the spiritual transformation of the world of substances, which at the same time should contribute to an inner spiritual transformation of the '''alchemist'''.

			== Origin of the word «alchemy» ==

			[[File:AlbertusMagnus.jpg\|thumb\|[[Albertus Magnus]] (fresco (1352), Treviso, Italy) was an important alchemist and around 1250 first described the production of arsenic by [[Wikipedia:Reduction (chemistry)\|reduction]] of [[Wikipedia:Arsenic oxide\|arsenic]] (arsenic(III) oxide, As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) with [[coal]].]]

			Presumably, the word ''alchemy'' derives from the {{Arabic\|الخيمياء}} (al-ḫīmiyāʾ) or {{lang\|ar\|الكيمياء}} (al-kīmiyāʾ) or from the {{Greek\|χυμεία}} (chymeia). The former is the name by which the ancient Egyptians themselves referred to their country, i.e. alchemy is understood here as the "art of the Egyptians", in the sense of the latter as the "science of casting". In fact, both expressions seem to have the same root. The ancient Egyptians called their land Kemet (Km.t), which means "Black Land" or "Black Earth" and refers to the fertile soils of the [[w:Nile valley\|Nile valley]] - in contrast to the "Red Land" of the adjacent deserts, the Descheret (Dšr.t). In Coptic it became ''Kīmi'' or ''Kīmə'' and finally ''Kymeía'' in ancient Greek. This etymology points to the origins of alchemy in [[ancient Egypt]] and ([[w:Hellenism\|Hellenistic]]) [[Greece]]. [[a:Karl Christoph Schmieder\|Karl Christoph Schmieder]] also reports: {{"\|''When Plutarch asked for the meaning of this word, he was shown the black in the eye. It was a witty hieroglyph for "dark, hard to see into", i.e. mystery.''\|Schmieder, p. 52}}

	== Literature ==		== Literature ==

Odyssee: Created page with "Alchemist's Laboratory (detail), illustration from [[w:Heinrich Khunrath|: ''Amphithe..."

2021-05-07T08:16:53Z

Created page with "thumb|upright=1.5|Alchemist's Laboratory (detail), illustration from [[w:Heinrich Khunrath|: ''Amphithe..."

New page

[[File:Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae - Alchemist's Laboratory.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Alchemist's Laboratory (detail), illustration from [[w:Heinrich Khunrath|Heinrich Khunrath]]: ''Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae'' (Amphitheatre of Eternal Wisdom), Hamburg 1595]]

'''Alchemy''', also called the ''Royal Art'' by the alchemists, serves, where it remains true to its original meaning, the spiritual transformation of the world of substances, which at the same time should contribute to an inner spiritual transformation of the '''alchemist'''.

== Literature ==
* ''Goethes Werke''. Hamburger Ausgabe in 14 Bänden. Band 3, Hamburg 1948 ff, S 249 (Klassische Walpurgisnacht - Felsbuchten des Ägäischen Meers) [http://www.zeno.org/Literatur/M/Goethe,+Johann+Wolfgang/Dramen/Faust.+Eine+Trag%C3%B6die/Faust.+Der+Trag%C3%B6die+zweiter+Teil/2.+Akt/Felsbuchten+des+%C3%A4g%C3%A4ischen+Meers]
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Bewußtsein Leben Form'', [[GA 89]] (2001) {{Lectures|89}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Das Ereignis der Christus-Erscheinung in der ätherischen Welt'', [[GA 118]] (1984) {{Lectures|118}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Das esoterische Christentum und die geistige Führung der Menschheit'', [[GA 130]] (1995) {{Lectures|130}}
* [[Rudolf Steiner]]: ''Mysteriengestaltungen'', [[GA 232]] (1998) {{Lectures|232}}

{{GA}}

[[Category:Alchemy]]
[[de:Alchemie]]